Clearance of the liver remnant predicts short-term outcome in patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Variables	All patients (n = 199)	No PHLF < Grade B (n = 187)	PHLF ≥ Grade B (n = 12)	P value
General
Age (yr)	69.1 ± 9.0	69.2 ± 9.12	66.9 ± 7.05	0.53
Gender (male : female)	154 : 45	144 : 43	10 : 2	0.61
Child–Pugh class (A : B : C)	196 : 3 :0	184 : 3 : 0	12 : 0 : 0	0.31
Preoperative laboratory tests
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.85 ± 0.38	0.82 ± 0.38	1.06 ± 0.32	0.01
PT-INR	1.12 ± 0.20	1.12 ± 0.21	1.13 ± 0.08	0.70
Albumin (mg/dL)	4.1 ± 0.5	4.1 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.4	0.16
AST (IU/L)	43 ± 41	41 ± 40	56 ± 47	0.11
ALT (IU/L)	40 ± 34	39 ± 33	47 ± 40	0.31
Choline esterase(U/L)	262 ± 77	267 ± 76	226 ± 73	0.02
PNI score	48.6 ± 6.0	48.9 ± 6.0	46.4 ± 5.6	0.08
ALBI score	-2.76 ± 0.4	-2.78 ± 0.4	-2.57 ± 0.35	0.14
NLR	2.48 ± 2.03	2.50 ± 2.12	2.31 ± 1.07	0.82
PLR	0.12 ± 0.08	0.13 ± 0.09	0.10 ± 0.05	0.29
Procedure-related factors
Limited resection	80 (39.8%)	77 (38.7%)	3 (1.5%)	0.43
Segmentectomy	57 (28.4%)	51 (25.6%)	6 (3.0%)
Secteionectomy	36 (17.9%)	33 (16.6%)	1 (0.5%)
Hemihepatectomy	24 (11.9%)	22 (11.1%)	2 (1.0%)
Trisectionectomy	4 (2.0%)	4 (2.1%)	0 (0%)
Operative time (min)	304 ± 109	299 ± 104	345 ± 135	0.06
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	848 ±1006	743 ± 889	1604 ± 1456	< 0.001
Liver function tests
Total Liver hepatic clearance (mL/min)	285 ± 98	315 ± 106	258 ± 91	0.02
Total Liver Functional volume (mL)	1321 ± 280	1340 ± 278	1202 ± 270	0.04
Hepatic clearance of the remnant liver (mL/min)	248 ± 95	261 ± 91	149 ± 47	< 0.001
Functional volume of the remnant liver (mL)	1057 ± 334	1104 ± 317	710 ± 239	< 0.001
LHL15	0.92 ± 0.03	0.925 ± 0.03	0.906 ± 0.05	0.02
HH15	0.60 ± 0.07	0.602 ± 0.07	0.651 ± 0.07	0.01
Surgical outcome
PHLF grade (0 : A : B : C)	176 : 11 : 8 : 4	176 : 11 : 0 : 0	0 : 0 : 8 : 4	-
Hospital length of stay (d)	15 (7-119)	14 (7-119)	25 (12-74)	< 0.001

PNI: Prognostic nutrition index; ALBI: Albumin–bilirubin; NLR: Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LHL15: liver to heart-plus-liver radioactivity at 15 min; PHLF: Posthepatectomy liver failure; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; PT-INR: Prothrombin time international normalized ratio.