Early extrahepatic recurrence as a pivotal factor for survival after hepatocellular carcinoma resection: A 15-year observational study

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with overall survival

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Serum albumin < 4.0 g/dL	2.14 (1.61-2.85)	< 0.001	2.44 (1.79-3.32)	< 0.001
ALBI grade ≥ 2	1.84 (1.36-2.51)	< 0.001
Serum ALP > 100 U/L	1.84 (1.41-2.41)	< 0.001	1.62 (1.22-2.16)	0.001
Single tumor1	1.87 (1.21-2.91)	0.005
Major Edmondson-Steiner grade ≥ 3	1.64 (1.26-2.13)	< 0.001	1.45 (1.10-1.90)	0.008
Venous/lymphatic involvement2	2.44 (1.84-3.22)	< 0.001
Pathological mUICC stage (III, IVa)	2.59 (2.00-3.35)	< 0.001	1.63 (1.21-2.22)	0.002
Bile duct invasion	2.72 (1.21-6.13)	0.016
Intrahepatic metastasis	3.66 (1.72-7.77)	0.001
Multicentricity	1.91 (1.29-2.82)	0.001
Satellite nodule	2.45 (1.82-3.30)	< 0.001	1.92 (1.38-2.69)	< 0.001
Tumor necrosis	2.12 (1.63-2.77)	< 0.001	1.35 (1.030-1.78)	0.030
Tumor hemorrhage	1.58 (1.21-2.05)	0.001
Sum of tumor size ≥ 7 cm	2.21 (1.63-3.00)	< 0.001
Beyond Milan criteria	1.79 (1.38-2.33)	< 0.001
Serum AFP > 1500 IU/mL	1.47 (1.01-2.15)	0.046
Early extrahepatic recurrence	7.72 (5.67-10.51)	< 0.001	6.77 (4.81-9.52)	< 0.001

¹Number of tumors examined during pathological evaluation.

²Confirmed findings during pathological evaluation.

HR: Hazards ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; mUICC: Modified Union for International Cancer Control; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.