Early extrahepatic recurrence as a pivotal factor for survival after hepatocellular carcinoma resection: A 15-year observational study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with early extrahepatic recurrence

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Serum albumin < 4.0 g/dL	2.27 (1.56-3.29)	< 0.001	2.19 (1.45-3.31)	< 0.001
Serum ALP > 100 U/L	1.76 (1.24-2.52)	0.002	1.59 (1.08-2.32)	0.018
ALBI grade ≥ 2	1.71 (1.12-2.59)	0.012
Surgical margin involvement	2.30 (1.07-4.93)	0.032	2.53 (1.09-5.90)	0.032
Pathological mUICC stage (III, IVa)	2.94 (2.09-4.12)	< 0.001
Multiple tumors1	3.21 (1.57-6.56)	0.002
Venous/lymphatic involvement2	2.98 (2.09-4.25)	< 0.001	1.90 (1.28-2.83)	0.002
Serosa invasion	2.86 (1.33-6.12)	0.007
Bile duct invasion	3.25 (1.20-8.83)	0.020
Satellite nodule	2.69 (1.83-3.94)	< 0.001	1.73 (1.14-2.63)	0.011
Intrahepatic metastasis	2.99 (1.10-8.09)	0.032
Tumor necrosis	3.18 (2.20-4.61)	<0.001	1.92 (1.29-2.79)	0.001
Tumor hemorrhage	1.81 (1.28-2.55)	0.001
Sum of tumor size ≥ 7 cm	3.25 (2.23-4.73)	< 0.001	1.84 (1.21-2.77)	0.004
Macrovascular invasion	2.48 (1.37-4.50)	0.003	2.30 (1.24-4.26)	0.008
Serum AFP > 1500 IU/mL	1.99 (1.27-3.12)	0.003

¹Number of tumors examined during pathological evaluation.

²Confirmed findings during pathological evaluation.

HR: Hazards ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; mUICC: Modified Union for International Cancer Control; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.