Impact of sarcopenia on tumor response and survival outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by trans-arterial (chemo)-embolization

Table 1 Description of population features according to presence of sarcopenia or not

	Overall cohort (n = 225)	Sarcopenia (n = 130)	No sarcopenia (n = 95)	P value
Clinical and biological features
Age (years old)1	65 (58-75)	67.5 (59.25-76)	62.5 (57-72.5)	0.0338
Gender2	200 (88.8%)	120 (92%)	80 (84%)	0.0841
Alcohol2	138 (61%)	72 (55%)	66 (69%)	0.04
NASH2	66 (29%)	28 (22%)	38 (40%)	0.003
HCV2	64 (28%)	42 (32%)	22 (23%)	0.14
HBV2	21 (9%)	11 (8%)	10 (11%)	0.65
Cirrhosis2	206 (91.5%)	116 (89.2%)	90 (94.7%)	0.1554
Platelets (103/mm3)1	123 (83-180)	131 (83.5-198.3)	113 (82-169)	0.1561
Creatinine (μmol/L)	77 (64-89)	77 (64-90)	77 (65-89)	0.93
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	16 (9.9-22)	15.8 (9-22)	16 (10-22)	0.55
Albumin (g/dL)	36 (32-39)	35 (32-38)	36 (32-40)	0.11
AFP (ng/mL)1	10 (4.3-49)	11.5 (5.135-76.5)	7.7 (4-25.5)	0.0152
Child-Pugh A2	184 (81.57%)	105 (80.7%)	79 (83.2%)	0.728
MELD	8.7 (7-11)	8.5 (7.6-10)	9.1 (7.3-11)	0.53
BCLC-A2	62 (27.5%)	33 (25.3%)	29 (30.5%)	0.1796
BCLC-B2	125 (55.5%)	70 (53.8%)	55 (57.89%)
BCLC-C2	38 (16.8%)	27 (20.76%)	11 (11.57%)
Segmental portal vein thrombosis2	34 (15.1%)	24 (18.46%)	10 (10.5%)	0.1314
Type of treatment
TACE2	154 (68.4%)	86 (66.6%)	68 (71.5%)	0.4681
Bland embolization2	71 (31.5%)	43 (33.3%)	27 (28.4%)	0178
Number of procedures per patient1	2 (1-3)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-3)	0.0178
Body mass index1	26.4 (23.5-29.18)	24.3 (22.3-26.9)	28.7 (26.4-32.33)	< 0.0001
Oesophageal varices2	107 (49.3%)	61 (48.4%)	46 (50.5%)	0.784
Radiological features
Size of the largest nodule (mm)1	37 (24-61)	40 (24-70)	34 (23-53)	0.0665
Multiples nodules2	169 (75.1%)	99 (76.1%)	70 (73.7%)	0.7552
Skeletal muscle index (cm2/m2)1	47.12 (41.75-53.2)	42.85 (38.61-46.79)	54.19 (51.38-58.27)	< 0.0001
Psoas muscle index (cm2/m2)1	10 (8.575-11.94)	9.205. (8.087-10.97)	11.51 (9.679-14.26)	< 0.0001
Psoas L3 (cm2)1	17 (14.72-37.27)	15.95 (13.95-18.7)	19.8 (16.6-23.8)	< 0.0001
Muscle L3 (cm2)1	137 (119.3-155.4)	125.8 (113.8-138.1)	156.2 (145-176)	< 0.0001
Umbilical vein repermeabilization2	82 (36.4%)	51 (39.2%)	31 (32.6%)	0.3292
Oesophageal varices2	160 (71.1%)	91 (70%)	69 (72%)	0.7661
Ascites2	53 (23.5%)	29 (22.3%)	24 (25.2%)	0.6355
Liver/spleen volume ratio1	4.346 (2.885-6.798)	4.562 (2.927-7.205)	3.797 (2.605-6.187)	0.1085
Liver volume (cm3)1	1715 (1430-2071)	1701 (1407-1978)	1800 (1461-2142)	0.0833
Spleen volume (cm3)1	414 (252-606)	382 (230.5-573.3)	480 (308-634)	0.0283
Splenomegaly2	129 (57.6%)	71 (55%)	58 (61%)	0.4127
Treatments following TAE/TACE
Curative-intent
Liver resection	2 (0.9%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (1.1%)
RFA/Microwaves/Alcoholization	27 (12.0%)	14 (10.8%)	13 (13.7%)
Liver transplantation	46 (20.4%)	19 (14.6%)	27 (28.4%)
Palliative-intent
SIRT	2 (0.9%)	2 (1.5%)	0
Sorafenib	44 (19.6%)	28 (21.5%)	16 (16.8%)
Other systemic treatments	8 (3.6%)	4 (3.1%)	4 (4.2%)
No additional treatment	82 (36.4%)	50 (38.5%)	32 (33.7%)

¹Median (25^th-75^th percentiles).

²Numbers (percentages).

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC: Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; SIRT: Selective internal radiation therapy; TACE: Trans-arterial chemoembolization.