Dynamic blood presepsin levels are associated with severity and outcome of acute pancreatitis: A prospective cohort study

Table 1 Overall characteristics of the study population

Characteristic	Overall, n = 133	Mild, n = 95	Moderately severe, n = 21	Severe, n = 17	P value
Demographics
Male, %	86 (64.7)	56 (58.9)	16 (76.2)	14 (82.4)	0.086
Age, yr	65 (54.0-76.0)	65 (54.0-76.0)	68 (40.5-72.5)	59 (43.0-82.0)	0.860
Comorbidities
CHF, %	19 (17.4)	16 (18.8)	3 (18.8)	0 (0)	0.402
COPD, %	3 (2.8)	2 (2.4)	0 (0)	1 (12.5)	0.188
Diabetes, %	25 (22.9)	20 (23.5)	3 (18.8)	2 (25.0)	0.907
Immunosuppression, %	8 (7.3)	7 (8.2)	0 (0)	1 (12.5)	0.432
Etiology					0.003
Gallstones, %	84 (63.2)	65 (68.4)	12 (57.1)	7 (41.2)
Hypertryglyceridemia, %	12 (9.0)	9 (9.5)	0 (0)	3 (17.6)
Alcohol, %	4 (3.0)	2 (2.1)	2 (9.5)	0 (0)
Post-ERCP, %	15 (11.3)	13 (13.7)	1 (4.8)	1 (5.9)
Idiopathic, %	18 (13.5)	6 (6.3)	6 (28.6)	6 (35.3)
Scoring
BISAP score at admission	2.0 (1.0-2.0)	1.0 (1.0-2.0)	2.0 (2.0-3.0)	3.0 (2.0-3.0)	< 0.001
Ranson score at 48 h	2.0 (1.0-4.0)	2.0 (1.0-3.0)	3.0 (2.0-5.5)	4.0 (3.5-6.5)	< 0.001
CTSI score	4.0 (2.0-4.0)	2.0 (2.0-4.0)	4.0 (2.0-6.0)	4.0 (4.0-5.0)	0.002
APACHE II score at admission	8.0 (5.0-12.5)	7.0 (3.0-10.0)	9.0 (6.0-15.0)	18.0 (9.0-19.0)	< 0.001
Imaging
Pancreatic necrosis, %	14 (10.5)	5 (5.3)	6 (28.6)	3 (17.6)	0.013
Mechanical ventilation, %	3 (2.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (17.6)	< 0.001
CRRT, %	1 (0.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5.9)	0.027
Length of hospital stay in d	11.74 ± 5.21	11.08 ± 3.73	13.24 ± 8.40	13.59 ± 6.72	0.067
Outcomes
Single organ failure, %	30 (22.6)	0 (0)	20 (95.2)	10 (58.8)	< 0.001
Multiple organ failure, %	8 (6.0)	0 (0)	1 (4.8)	7 (41.2)	< 0.001
28-d deaths, %	7 (5.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	7 (41.2)	< 0.001
Cost in $	5276.14 (3265.34-7739.10)	4482.18 (3127.06-6493.38)	7242.67 (3356.87-8785.31)	11222.04 (7457.31-23045.12)	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± SD, n (%), or median (25^th-75^th percentile). CHF: Chronic heart failure; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BISAP: Bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis; CTSI: Computed tomography severity index; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.