Pregnancy and fetal outcomes of chronic hepatitis C mothers with viremia in China

Table 4 Risk factors associated with obstetric complications

Clinical variables	Case/exposed1	Crude OR (95%CI); P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI); P value
C-section2
Age, n (%)
< 35	59/194 (30.4)	1	1
≥ 35	11/194 (5.7)	1.5 (0.6-3.4); P = 0.38	1.5 (0.6-3.9); P = 0.42
Nulliparity, n (%)
No	37/194 (19.1)	1	1
Yes	33/194 (17.0)	0.6 (0.3-1.0); P = 0.06	0.6 (0.3-1.1); P = 0.08
BMI, n (%)
< 30	57/194 (29.4)	1	1
≥ 30	13/194 (6.7)	1.3 (0.6-2.7); P = 0.56	1.2 (0.5-2.7); P = 0.65
HCV infection, n (%)
No	32/194 (16.5)	1	1
Yes	38/194 (19.6)	2.4 (1.3-4.4); P = 0.004	2.6 (1.4-4.9); P = 0.003
Intertuberous diameter, n (%)
≥ 8.5	41/194 (21.1)	1	1
< 8.5	29/194 (14.9)	1.3 (0.7-2.2); P = 0.41	2.6 (1.4-4.9); P = 0.65
Nuchal cord
Age, n (%)
< 35	33/194 (17.0)	1	1
≥ 35	5/194 (2.6)	1.0 (0.4-2.9); P = 0.96	2.8 (0.8-10.3); P = 0.11
Nulliparity, n (%)
No	13/194 (6.7)	1	1
Yes	25/194 (12.9)	1.6 (0.8-3.5); P = 0.19	2.0 (0.9-4.8); P = 0.11
BMI, n (%)
< 30	32/194 (16.5)	1	1
≥ 30	6/194 (3.1)	0.9 (0.4-2.5); P = 0.90	0.7 (0.2-1.9); P = 0.44
HCV infection, n (%)
No	11/194 (5.7)	1	1
Yes	27/194 (13.9)	4.9 (2.3-10.7); P < 0.001	5.6 (2.4-13.0); P < 0.001
Intertuberous diameter, n (%)
≥ 8.5	20/194 (10.3)	1	1
< 8.5	18/194 (9.3)	1.3 (0.7-2.4); P = 0.35	1.3 (0.6-2.8); P = 0.51
Maternal anemia during pregnancy
Age, n (%)
< 35	19/194 (9.8)	1	1
≥ 35	3/194 (1.5)	1.1 (0.3-3.9); P = 0.91	2.5 (0.5-13.3); P = 0.28
Nulliparity, n (%)
No	13/194 (6.7)	1	1
Yes	9/194 (4.6)	0.5 (0.2-1.2); P = 0.13	0.5 (0.2-1.4); P = 0.18
BMI, n (%)
< 30	20/194 (10.3)	1	1
≥ 30	2/194 (1.0)	0.5 (0.1-2.1); P = 0.33	0.4 (0.1-1.8); P = 0.21
HCV infection, n (%)
No	3/194 (1.5)	1	1
Yes	19/194 (9.8)	11.8 (3.4-41.6); P < 0.001	18.1 (4.3-76.6); P < 0.001
Intertuberous diameter, n (%)
≥ 8.5	13/194 (6.7)	1	1
< 8.5	9/194 (4.6)	1.2 (0.5-3.0); P = 0.35	0.8 (0.3-2.3); P = 0.72

¹Case/exposed: The case refers to the number of patients who presented with the specified variable and the Exposed refers to the total number of patients in the entire study cohort.

²The rates of cesarean section were calculated based on the number of cases performed due to medical needs. Patients who requested a cesarean section without medical indications were not included.

BMI: Body mass index; OR: Odds ratio; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.