Efficacy of cytapheresis in patients with ulcerative colitis showing insufficient or lost response to biologic therapy

Table 1 Efficacy of cytapheresis in patients with ulcerative colitis showing insufficient response to thiopurine or immunomodulators

Ref.	Study type	Total number of patients included in the study	Number of patients insufficient response to thiopurine or IM	Regimen of CAP	Rate of remission	Rate of steroid- free remission
Cabriada et al[60], 2010	Prospective study	18 (SD)	18	GMA or LCAP (5-10 sessions, 1 session/wk)		55%
Takayama et al[58], 2013	Historical cohort study	90	14	GMA or LCAP (5-10 sessions, 1-2/wk)	49% (total Pts), pre-use of IM had little effects on the response to therapy
Yokoyama et al[42], 2014	Prospective Observation Study	623 (for efficacy assessment)	196	LCAP (5-10 sessions, mean 8.4), intensive LCAP was performed in > 70% of Pts	73% (Pts concomitantly treated with thiopurine), 71% (Pts treated without thiopurine), P = 0.623
Imperiali et al[61], 2017	Prospective multicenter study	33 (SD)	33	GMA (5 sessions, 1 session/wk)		36%
Yamamoto et al[37], 2018	Retrospective study	593	159	GMA (5 sessions, 1 to 5 sessions/wk), 5 or 6 GMA were added in Pts who did not achieve clinical remission	45% (Pts exposed to IM), 48% (Pts unexposed to IM), P = 0.61
Dignass et al[36], 2016	Single-arm, open-label, multicentre trial	86 (SD)	83	GMA (5-10 sessions, 1 session/wk)	40.3%
Ishiguro et al[62], 2020	Multicenter cohort study	102, SD or SR UC Pts were not included	16	GMA (mean number of GMA 9.9 sessions, 1-3 sessions/wk)		56.3% (Pts concomitantly treated with IM), 53.5% (Pts treated without IM), P = 1.00
Iizuka et al[59], 2021	Retrospective study	55 (SD: 33, SR: 21)	12	GMA or LCAP [5-20 sessions (mean 8.8), 1-2 sessions/wk (in principle)]	66.7% (Pts concomitantly treated with thiopurine), 69.1% (all Pts), no significant differences	41.7% (Pts concomitantly treated with thiopurine), 45.5% (all Pts), no significant differences

CAP: Cytapheresis; GMA: Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis; LCAP: Leukocytapheresis; IM: Immunomodulators (or immunosuppressants); Pts: Patients; SD: Steroid dependent patients; SR: Steroid refractory patients; Intensive LCAP: Defined as performing ≥ 4 leukocytapheresis treatment within the first 2 wk.