Radiomics and nomogram of magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in small hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Demographics, alpha fetal protein, bilirubin, tumor characteristics, and microvascular infiltration of the patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma in data sets of three hospitals

Characteristics	Hospital A (n = 221)	Hospital B (n = 94)	Hospital C (n = 100)
Age (yr)	mean ± SD: 51.2 ± 10.9 (range 29-78)	mean ± SD: 53.04 ± 10.59 (range 28-77)	mean ± SD: 54.01 ± 10.82 (range 28-85)
Male/female	189 (85.5%)/32 (14.5%)	84 (89.4%)/10 (10.6%)	85 (85.5%)/15 (15.0%)
Causes of liver disease
Hepatitis B	162 (73.3%)	71 (75.6%)	82 (82.0%)
Hepatitis C	21 (9.5%)	10 (10.6%)	6 (6.0%)
Alcoholic hepatitis	29 (13.1%)	8 (8.5%)	2 (2.0%)
Others	9 (4.1%)	5 (5.3%)	10 (10.0%)
Cirrhosis
Present	173 (78.3%)	69 (73.4%)	70 (70%)
Absent	48 (21.7%)	25 (26.6%)	30 (30%)
AFP (ng/mL)	Median: 26.10 (range 0.98-25451.00)	Median: 9.34 (range 1.09-6740.42)	Median: 31.070 (range 0.713- 4587.000)
TBiL (μmol/L)	Median: 12.5 (range 2.9-64.6)	Median: 17.4 (range 3.6-446.9)	Median: 13.2 (range 4.4-47.2)
DBiL (μmol/L)	Median: 3.9 (range 1.0-17.0)	Median: 4.5 (range 1.0-218.9)	Median: 5.50 (range 1.50-26.84)
MELD scores	mean ± SD: 13.9 ± 4.8 (range 7.0-26.9)	mean ± SD: 13.8 ± 5.8 (range 6.0-35.5)	mean ± SD: 11.8 ± 4.5 (range 5.2-25.6)
Child-Pugh classes
A	205 (93.2%)	81 (86.2%)	86 (86.0%)
B	13 (5.9%)	12 (12.8%)	13 (13.0%)
C	2 (0.9%)	1 (1.1%)	1 (1.0%)
Edmondson-steiner grade
Grade I	32 (14.5%)	12 (12.8%)	8 (8.0%)
Grade II	142 (64.3%)	68 (72.3%)	71 (71.0%)
Grade III	47 (21.2%)	14 (14.9%)	21 (21.0%)
Tumor size (cm)	mean ± SD: 2.04 ± 0.67 (range 0.60-3.00)	mean ± SD: 2.17 ± 0.42 (range 0.80-3.00)	mean ± SD: 2.20 ± 0.41 (range 0.90-3.00)
MVI
Positive	64 (28.9%)	22 (23.4%)	16 (16.0%)
Negative	157 (71.1%)	72 (76.6%)	84 (84.0%)

TBiL: Total bilirubin; DBiL: Direct bilirubin; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; MVI: Microvascular infiltration.