Accumulation of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) by sustained supply of calcium inducing mitochondrial stress in pancreatic cancer cells

Figure 5 Confirmation of the in vivo antitumor effect on pancreatic cancer following sustained calcium administration. A: Macroscopic observation of the tumor mass; B: Comparison of tumor volume between the untreated and calcium-administered groups. Lactate calcium salt (CaLac): 20 mg/kg/mouse, subcutaneous injection, daily for 21 d; C: Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Scale bars: 100 μm; D: Comparison of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose expression in tumor tissues; E: Comparison of apoptosis-inducing factor expression in tumor tissues; F and G: % terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling expression to compare increased apoptosis in tumor tissues. Scale bars: 100 μm; H and I: Comparison of Ki-67 expression in tumor tissues. Scale bars: 50 μm; J and K: Comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in tumor tissues. Scale bars: 50 μm. ^aP < 0.001 vs untreated. Results are the mean ± SD. PAR: Poly adenosine diphosphate ribose; AIF: Apoptosis-inducing factor; TUNEL: Transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling; PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; CaLac: Lactate calcium salt.