Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: Lights and shadows in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma diagnosis

Table 6 Diagnostic statistics of different contrast-enhanced ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System classes for different diagnosis

Tested association	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Diagnostic accuracy (%)	Youden’s index	Odds Ratio	P value
CEUS LR M-ICC	91.3 (72.0-98.9)	96.7 (94.7-98.1)	56.8 (39.5-72.9)	99.6 (98.5-99.9)	96.5 (94.5-97.9)	0.880	309.75	< 0.001
CEUS LR 5-HCC	67.6 (62.9-72.1)	97.7 (92.0-99.7)	99.3 (97.5-99.9)	38.6 (32.1-45.3)	72.8 (68.7-76.6)	0.653	89.80	< 0.001
CEUS LR 4-HCC	26.2 (22.1-30.7)	96.6 (90.4-99.3)	97.4 (92.5-99.5)	21.4 (17.5-25.8)	38.4 (34.1-42.7)	0.228	10.10	< 0.001
CEUS LR 4/5-HCC	93.9 (91.1-95.9)	94.3 (87.2-98.1)	98.8 (97.1-99.6)	76.1 (67.0-83.8)	93.9 (91.5-95.8)	0.882	253.50	< 0.001
CEUS LR 3-benign lesion	79.7 (67.2-89.0)	95.8 (93.5-97.5)	71.2 (58.7-81.7)	97.3 (95.3-98.6)	93.9 (91.5-95.8)	0.755	89.26	< 0.001
CEUS LR-3-malignancy	4.2 (2.5-6.5)	20.3 (11.0-32.8)	28.8 (18.3-41.3)	2.7 (1.4-4.7)	6.0 (4.2-8.5)	-0.755	0.01	< 0.001
CEUS LR-3-iso-iso-malignancy	5.3 (0.1-26.0)	19.1 (9.1-33.3)	2.6 (0.1-13.5)	33.3 (16.5-54.0)	15.2 (7.5-26.1)	-0.756	0.01	< 0.001
CEUS LR-3-hypo-hypo-malignancy	57.9 (33.5-79.7)	91.5 (79.6-97.6)	73.3 (44.9-92.2)	84.3 (71.4-93.0)	81.8 (70.4-90.2)	0.494	14.78	< 0.001

CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.