Application of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Summary of systemic therapy studies

Ref.	Country	Subject number	Key findings
Joo et al[55], 2014	Korea	21	The D* and f values of the treatment group were significantly decreased at four hours. The sizes of the decreases in f and fD* at four hours were negatively correlated with the tumor size at 7 d of follow-up
Wagner et al[56], 2012	France	48	The D values of viable tumor regions in malignant liver tumors were significantly lower than those of necrotic tumor tissue but higher than those of fibrotic tumor regions
Yang et al[57], 2017	China	35	Compared with the values at baseline and those recorded in the control group, the ADC and D values in the treatment group were significantly higher at each time point, whereas the f values decreased significantly at 7 d and increased at 21 d
Lewin et al[58], 2011	France	12	The f values increased significantly in responder patients at two weeks and two months after treatment but decreased in nonresponder patients. The f value was useful as a reliable marker to evaluate sorafenib treatment efficacy in patients with advanced HCC
Shirota et al[59], 2016	Japan	9	The D values at baseline were significantly higher in the responder group than in the nonresponder group. The sensitivity and specificity of the D values for evaluating treatment response were 100% and 67%, respectively

ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.