Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2022; 28(27): 3297-3313
Published online Jul 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i27.3297
Table 1 Complete immune checkpoint inhibitor-based clinical trials in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Strategy
Treatment
Phase
Number
Cancer stage
Outcomes
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (target) monotherapyTremelimumab (CTLA-4)IINCT02527434Advanced/metastatic PDACTremelimumab monotherapy is ineffective for metastatic PDAC.
Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)IINCT00112580Advanced PDACIpilimumab monotherapy is ineffective for advanced PDAC.
Atezolizumab (PD-L1)I/IINCT03829501Advanced PDACNo results reported yet
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (target) + immune checkpoint inhibitor(target)Tremelimumab (CTLA-4) + Durvalumab (PD-L1)IINCT02558894Metastatic PDACORR 3.1% for combination therapy. (ORR 0% for monotherapy).
Nivolumab (PD-1) + Ipilimumab (CTLA-4)I/IINCT01928394Advanced/metastatic PDACNo results reported yet
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (target) + chemotherapyTremelimumab (CTLA-4) + GemcitabineINCT00556023Advanced PDACMedian OS 7.4 mo (95%CI: 5.8-9.4 mo)
Ipilimumab(CTLA-4) + GemcitabineIbNCT01473940Advanced/metastatic PDACMedian OS 6.90 mo (95%CI: 2.63–9.57 mo)
Pembrolizumab (PD-1) + Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxelIb/IINCT02331251Advanced/metastatic PDACMedian OS 15.0 mo (95%CI: 6.8–22.6 mo)
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (Target) + Target therapyDurvalumab (PD-L1) + GalunisertibINCT02734160Metastatic PDACMedian PFS 1.9 mo (95%CI: 1.5-2.2 mo); median OS was NR (95%CI: 3.6 mo, NR)
Durvalumab (PD-L1) + PexidartinibINCT02777710Advanced/metastatic PDACNo results reported yet
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (Target) + Radiation TherapyTremelimumab (CTLA-4) + Durvalumab (PD-1) + SBRTI/IINCT02311361Advanced/metastatic PDACORR of 9.6% including 2 patients who achieved a durable partial response lasting over 12 mo