Usefulness of serum C-reactive protein and calprotectin for the early detection of colorectal anastomotic leakage: A prospective observational study

Table 2 Patients’ operative characteristics

	Group 1, n = 277	Group 2, n = 94	Group 3, n = 25	P value
Type of surgery, n (%)				0.071
Elective	238 (86.0)	72 (76.6)	19 (75.0)
Urgent	39 (14.0)	22 (23.4)	6 (25.0)
Surgical approach, n (%)				< 0.001
Open	25 (9.0)	15 (16.0)	2 (8.0)
Laparoscopic	238 (86.0)	72 (77.0)	15 (60.0)
Conversion	14 (5.0)	7 (7.4)	8 (32.0)
Procedure, n (%)				0.739
Right colectomy1	138 (49.8)	47 (50.0)	11 (44.0)
Left colectomy	17 (6.1)	7 (7.4)	1 (4.0)
Sigmoid/RS resection	55 (19.8)	15 (15.9)	4 (16.0)
Low anterior resection	48 (17.3)	16 (17.0)	8 (32.0)
Other	19 (6.8)	9 (9.6)	1 (4.0)
Level of anastomosis, n (%)				0.66
Ileocolic	150 (54.1)	50 (53.2)	11 (44.0)
Colocolic	23 (8.3)	5 (5.3)	1 (4.0)
≥ 6 cm from AV	67 (24.2)	25 (26.6)	10 (40.0)
< 6 cm from AV	37 (13.4)	14 (14.9)	3 (12.0)
Covering stoma, n (%)	23 (8.3)	8 (8.51)	2 (8.0)	0.99
Blood loss, mean ± SD, mL	51.6 ± 36.6	58.8 ± 47.7	104.0 ± 191.1	< 0.001
Intraoperative complications, n (%)	3 (1.1)	5 (5.3)	4 (16.0)	< 0.001
Operative time in min, mean ± SD	141.9 (48.3)	146.2 (50.0)	172.8 (57.2)	0.011

¹Included ileocecal resection/extended right-sided colectomy.

Group 1: No complications; Group 2: Complications not related to colorectal anastomotic leakage (CAL); Group 3: CAL. RS: Rectosigmoid; AV: Anal verge.