Usefulness of serum C-reactive protein and calprotectin for the early detection of colorectal anastomotic leakage: A prospective observational study

Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics

	Group 1, n = 277	Group 2, n = 94	Group 3, n = 25	P value
Age, mean ± SD	68.8 ± 11.3	72.2 ± 14.5	73.6 ± 13.6	0.02
Sex, n (%)				0.505
Male	161 (58.1)	59 (62.7)	17 (68.0)
Female	116 (41.9)	35 (37.3)	8 (32.0)
BMI, mean ± SD	26.8 ± 3.99	26.3 ± 4.05	26.0 ± 3.97	0.33
BMI, n (%)				0.33
17.5 < BMI < 25	95 (35.0)	32 (34.0)	12 (48.0)
25 ≤ BMI < 30	129 (46.0)	51 (54.0)	9 (36.0)
BMI ≥ 30	53 (19.0)	11 (12.0)	4 (16.0)
CCI, mean ± SD	5.12 ± 1.83	5.55 ± 2.38	6.04 ± 2.15	0.03
Prior abdominal surgery, n (%)	77 (27.8)	32 (34.0)	9 (36.0)	0.41
Immunosuppression, n (%)	10 (3.6)	5 (5.3)	0 (0)	0.45
Preoperative diagnosis malignant, n (%)	272 (98.2)	90 (95.7)	24 (96.0)	0.38
ASA score, n (%)				0.018
I–II	187 (67.5)	47 (50.0)	13 (45.8)
III–IV	90 (32.5)	47 (50.0)	12 (54.2)

Group 1: No complications; Group 2: Complications not related to colorectal anastomotic leakage (CAL); Group 3: CAL. BMI: Body mass index; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.