Development and external validation of models to predict acute respiratory distress syndrome related to severe acute pancreatitis

Table 2 Characteristics of non-acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome patients in derivation and validation cohorts

Characteristic	Derivation cohort		P value	Validation cohort		P value
	non-ARDS (n = 345)	ARDS (n = 62)		non-ARDS (n = 153)	ARDS (n = 37)
Age (yr)	49.0 (36.0; 64.0)	42.0 (33.2; 59.5)	0.062	40.0 (33.0; 57.0)	48.0 (41.0; 57.0)	0.082
Female (%)	138 (40.0)	20 (32.3)	0.312	67 (43.8)	10 (27.0)	0.093
Weekend admission (%)	73 (21.2)	18 (29.0)	0.228	39 (25.5)	11 (29.7)	0.751
Etiology (%)			0.024			0.187
Biliary	122 (35.4)	22 (35.5)		56 (36.6)	9 (24.3)
Hypertriglyceridemia	119 (34.5)	30 (48.4)		53 (34.6)	12 (32.4)
Alcoholic	28 (8.12)	6 (9.68)		8 (5.23)	5 (13.5)
Others	76 (22.0)	4 (6.45)		36 (23.5)	11 (29.7)
Peritoneal irritation (%)	80 (23.2)	25 (40.3)	0.007	39 (25.5)	20 (54.1)	0.002
GCS < 15 (%)	4 (1.16)	3 (4.84)	0.075	4 (2.61)	6 (16.2)	0.004
Tem (℃)	36.6 (36.4; 37.0)	37.5 (36.5; 38.2)	< 0.001	37.0 (36.8; 37.5)	38.0 (37.8; 38.5)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	129 (119; 140)	123 (110; 141)	0.113	123 (116; 140)	119 (106; 147)	0.192
HR (bpm)	82.0 (76.0; 96.0)	120 (103; 134)	< 0.001	90.0 (80.0; 110)	115 (100; 140)	< 0.001
RR (bpm)	20.0 (18.0; 20.0)	23.0 (20.0; 30.0)	< 0.001	20.0 (18.0; 22.0)	24.0 (20.0; 29.0)	< 0.001
WBC (× 109/L)	11.9 (8.76; 15.3)	13.9 (9.91; 19.5)	0.006	12.5 (9.07; 16.3)	17.6 (13.6; 22.8)	< 0.001
HCT (%)	40.8 (37.5; 44.8)	45.2 (38.3; 48.7)	0.002	41.3 (37.4; 45.2)	43.9 (38.0; 49.4)	0.094
PLT (× 109/L)	218 (176; 275)	207 (167; 274)	0.26	228 (192; 278)	208 (168; 261)	0.112
K (mmol/L)	3.90 (3.60; 4.30)	3.90 (3.50; 4.20)	0.441	3.90 (3.50; 4.20)	3.90 (3.50; 4.40)	0.429
Na (mmol/L)	137 (134; 140)	137 (132; 140)	0.95	137 (133; 140)	139 (132; 144)	0.038
Ca (mmol/L)	2.25 (2.12; 2.34)	1.88 (1.65; 2.12)	< 0.001	2.16 (2.01; 2.29)	1.96 (1.77; 2.22)	0.002
Cr (μmol/L)	67.0 (55.0; 81.0)	86.5 (72.0; 134)	< 0.001	62.0 (53.0; 79.0)	96.0 (65.0; 230)	< 0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	5.03 (3.90; 6.44)	7.28 (5.25; 10.3)	< 0.001	4.80 (3.37; 6.48)	6.97 (5.37; 14.4)	< 0.001
Glu (mmol/L)	8.10 (6.50; 13.1)	11.0 (7.67; 16.1)	< 0.001	8.80 (6.90; 13.6)	11.3 (8.10; 16.8)	0.032
Local complication (%)	115 (33.3)	62 (100)	< 0.001	88 (57.5)	33 (89.2)	0.001
Ventilator (%)	3 (0.87)	4 (6.45)	0.012	0 (0.00)	23 (62.2)	< 0.001
ICU admission (%)	16 (4.64)	33 (53.2)	< 0.001	21 (13.7)	29 (78.4)	< 0.001
ICU stays (d)	0.00 (0.00; 0.00)	2.50 (0.00; 11.8)	< 0.001	0.00 (0.00; 0.00)	7.00 (1.00; 11.0)	< 0.001
Hospital stays (d)	10.0 (7.00; 15.0)	19.0 (11.0; 25.0)	< 0.001	10.0 (4.00; 19.0)	23.0 (15.0; 30.0)	< 0.001
Mortality (%)	1 (0.29)	2 (3.23)	0.062	1 (0.65)	4 (10.8)	0.005

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; GCS: Glasgow coma score; Tem: Temperature; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; WBC: White blood cell; HCT: Hematocrit; PLT: Platelet; Cr: Creatine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Glu: Glucose; ICU: Intensive care unit; qSOFA: Quick sequential organ failure assessment; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; BISAP: Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis.