Snare-assisted flexible endoscope in trans-gastric endoscopic gallbladder-preserving surgery: A pilot animal study

Table 1 Differences in surgical indicators between the two groups of animals

Content	NC group	SA group	t value	P value
Time required for gallbladder incision (min)	18.5 ± 7.0	10.0 ± 1.8	2.335	0.058
Bleeding volume of gallbladder incision (mL)	7.5 ± 2.9	2.0 ± 2.2	3.051	0.022
Number of gallbladder disorientations	2.0 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.5	1.567	0.168
Longest time of gallbladder disorientation (min)	11.5 ± 4.7	2.0 ± 0.8	4.020	0.007
Time involved in closing the gallbladder (min)	18.3 ± 1.7	12.5 ± 2.1	4.271	0.005
Number of clamps used to close the gallbladder (pieces)	6.3 ± 0.5	6.5 ± 1.0	-0.447	0.670
Total operation time (min)	142.3 ± 10.2	102.5 ± 5.5	6.853	0.000
NASA-TLX mental demand	18.5 ± 2.1	11.5 ± 1.9	4.950	0.003
NASA-TLX physical	18.0 ± 1.6	11.0 ± 1.4	6.481	0.001
NASA-TLX temporal demand	18.8 ± 1.0	11.3 ± 2.6	5.359	0.002
NASA-TLX effort	18.5 ± 1.3	11.5 ± 2.4	5.170	0.004
NASA-TLX frustration	15.0 ± 2.9	7.5 ± 1.3	4.666	0.003

NASA-TLX: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index; NC: Control; SA: Snare assisted.