Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition target dysbiosis to treat fatty liver in obese mice

Figure 5 Liver histology, stereology, and biochemistry. A: Hematoxylin-eosin liver sections; B: Volume density (Vv) (liver steatosis); C: Hepatic triacylglycerol. Liver sections show widespread hepatic steatosis after chronic HF diet intake and expressive reduction in all treated groups (scale bar = 50 μm. Both stereology (Vv steatosis) and biochemical analyses (hepatic triacylglycerol) confirm these observations. Brown-Forsythe and Welch one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 post hoc test (mean ± SD, n = 6 for biochemistry and n = 5 for stereology). Significant differences are indicated as follows: ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; ^dP < 0.0001. C: Control diet; HF: High-fat diet; HFA: High-fat diet plus PPAR-alpha agonist (WY14643); HFL: High-fat diet plus DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin); HFC: High-fat diet plus the combination of WY14643 with linagliptin; Vv: Volume density.