Risk of venous thromboembolism in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies: ulcerative colitis patients and Crohn’s disease patients

Ref.	Country	Study design	Period	Sample size N	Age, years (mean or median)	Male, (%)	Patient	IBD therapy	VTE type
Antiel et al[31], 2013	United States	Cohort	1999.1-2011.12	366	≤ 21	No data	UC	Surgery	IAT
Bence et al[26], 2020	United States	Cohort	2020.1-2016.6	276	15 (13, 17)	46	CD, UC, IC	Corticosteroids, Biologic therapy, Immunologic therapy	DVT
Cairo et al[36], 2017	United States	RCS	2012-2015	410	< 1 (9.8%); 1-5 (15.7%); 6-10 (30%); 11-15 (34.6%); 16-18 (9.9%)	59.5	IBD	No data	VTE
Derderian et al[27], 2020	United States	Cohort	2008-2018	49	9.8 ± 4.4	65	UC/IBD-U	Surgery	DVT
Diamond et al[32], 2018	United States	Cohort	2015-2017	47	14	46.8	IBD	Systemic steroids; Anti-TNF therapy	CVC-related thrombosis
Diamond et al[33], 2010	Canada	Cohort	1999.11.1-2008.2.29	85	14.8 (2.8)	54.1	IBD	Surgery	DVT
Herzog et al[34], 2018	Switzerland	Cohort	2006-2017	63	< 17	54	CD; UC or IBD-U	5-ASA Systemic CS; Immunomodulators; Calcineurin inhibitors; TNFα inhibitors, Surgery	TE
Jarchin et al[29], 2019	United States	Cohort	2008.1-2017.12	58	0-5 (5%); 6-10 (10%); 11-18 (85%)	66	UC	Anti-TNF only, Vedolizumab only, Anti-TNF+ vedolizumab, Anti-TNF+ vedolizumab+ ustekinumab, Surgery	PVT (within 30 d, > 30 d)
Khosravi et al[28], 2020	Iran	Cohort	2019	21	11.12 ± 5.65	42.9	IBD	Surgery	DVT
Lee et al[35], 2016	Korea	Cohort	1995.7-2011.6	73	12.49 ± 2.47	71.2	CD	Systemic corticosteroids 5-ASA only, 5-ASA+; azathioprine; 5-ASA only or 5-ASA+ azathioprine	PTE
Nylund et al[19], 20131	United States	Database review	1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009	61076/7318/7379898	15.72 ± 0.02/15.39 ± 0.06/13.57 ± 0.01	49.32/47.55/49.64	CD, UC	No data	TE, PE, DVT, IVST, PVT
Zitomersky et al[37], 2013	United States	Database review	2006-2011	532	No data	No data	CD, UC	No data	CVT

¹Adjusted factors: Age category, sex, hypercoagulable status, central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition, any cancer, sickle cell anemia, tobacco use, race/ethnicity, payer status, urban/rural status, hospital region, and year of inpatient stay.

DVT: Deep venous thrombosis; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IC: Indeterminate colitis; VTE: Venous thromboembolism; PE: Pulmonary embolism; RCS: Retrospective comparative study; CVC: Central venous catheter; PTE: Pulmonary thromboembolism; IVST: Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; TE: Thromboembolic events; IAT: Intra-abdominal thrombosis; CVT: Cerebrovascular thrombosis.