Association of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus with overweight/obesity and fatty liver risk in offspring

Table 4 Adjusted odds ratios for the association of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus with outcomes among children in a follow-up study

Outcomes	Risk factors	Model 1		P value	Model 2		P value	Model 3		P value
		OR	95%CI		OR	95%CI		OR	95%CI
Fatty liver	Maternal obesity	4.57	1.96-10.67	0.000	4.79	2.03-11.31	0.000	4.64	1.82-11.87	0.001
	GDM	2.39	0.91-6.29	0.077	2.45	0.93-6.49	0.071	2.49	0.94-6.61	0.068
	Maternal obesity and GDM	7.19	2.15-24.13	0.001	7.72	2.25-26.46	0.001	8.26	2.38-28.75	0.001
Overweight/obesity	Maternal obesity	5.73	2.18-15.10	0.000	5.69	2.14-15.10	0.000	4.15	1.44-11.97	0.009
	GDM	4.70	1.72-12.81	0.003	4.85	1.76-13.37	0.002	4.84	1.76-13.36	0.002
	Maternal obesity and GDM	16.97	4.07-70.88	0.000	16.97	4.07-70.88	0.000	17.22	4.08-72.79	0.000

Model 1: Adjusted for offspring age and sex; Model 2: Further adjusted for maternal age and nulliparity; Model 3: Further adjusted for offspring birth weight. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus.