Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2022; 28(15): 1508-1525
Published online Apr 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i15.1508
Table 1 The role of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma
Circulating microRNA
Biofluid
Comparison
Statistics
Discriminant specificity
Valuable considerations
Subjective rating
miR-21Increased in serum[27,28]; plasma[34]; urine[35]iCC (n = 74), HC (n = 74)[27]; CCA (n = 11), HC (n = 9)[28]. iCC (n = 25), HC (n = 7); CCA (n = 22), HC (n = 21)AUROC vs HC: Serum: 0.91[27]; serum: 0.80[28]; plasma 0.94[34]. Combined miR-21 + miR 192. Urine: 0.85[35]LOW. Also increased in HCC[36] and other malignancies[37,38]Corelates well with tumor stage and survival[39]. Most data supportUseful
miR-150-5pDecreased in serum and bile[40]CCA (n = 28), PSC (n = 30), HC (n = 50)Significantly decreased vs HC and PSC[40] association with LOW. Upregulation suppresses tumor progression in colorectal cancer[41]Appears to correlate with tumor staging. Added value of the CA19-9 combination. Contradictory findings: Report of being upregulated in iCCA (AUROC: 0.76)[27]Debatable
miR-26aIncreased in serum[29]CCA (n = 66), HC (n = 66)AUROC vs HC: 0.90[29]Moderate involved in HCC[30]Correlates well with tumor stage, metastases, differentiation, and survival. Reliable decrease following curative surgery[29]Promising
miR-30d-5pIncreased in bile[31]CCA (n = 48), benign BTD (n = 58)AUROC vs benign biliary obstruction 0.730[31]Moderate downregulated in gastric cancer[32]Increased sensitivity and specificity compared to CA19-9Debatable
miR-222; miR-483-5pIncreased in serum[33]CCA (n = 70), PSC (n = 70), HC (n = 70)AUROC vs PSC; miR-222: 0.71; miR-483-5p: 0.70 combined miR-222 and 483-5p: 0.74[33]No evidence of overlap with other cancersMight be useful for monitoring patients with PSCPromising
AUROC: Area under a receiver operating characteristic; CA19-9: Carcinoembrionic antigen 19-9; CCA: Cholangiocarcinoma; HC: Healthy controls; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; iCCA: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; miRs: Micro RNAs; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.