Radiomics signature: A potential biomarker for β-arrestin1 phosphorylation prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients in the training and validation cohorts

Variables	Training cohort (n = 69)	Validation cohort (n = 30)	P value
Age, mean ± SD, yr	51.00 ± 13.019	52.73 ± 11.776	0.269
Gender			0.751
Male	61 (88.4)	26 (86.7)
ALT (IU/L)			0.375
< 40	44 (63.8)	16 (53.5)
AST (IU/L)			0.829
< 35	32 (46.4)	13 (43.4)
ALB (g/L)			0.612
< 40	15 (21.7)	8 (26.7)
GGT (μ/L)			0.817
< 45	24 (34.8)	9 (30.0)
TBIL (μmol/L)			0.828
< 17.1	39 (56.5)	16 (53.3)
PLT (× 109/L)			0.791
< 100	14 (20.3)	7 (23.3)
PT(s)			0.596
< 9.6 or > 12.8	16 (23.2)	5 (16.7)
AFP (ng/mL)			0.279
< 400	34 (49.3)	11 (36.7)
CEA (ng/mL)			0.798
< 3.4	53 (76.8)	24 (80.0)
HBsAg			0.270
Positive	61 (88.4)	29 (96.7)
MVI			0.827
Absent	36 (52.2)	17 (56.7)
Present	33 (47.8)	13 (43.3)
Differentiation			0.661
Highly	37 (53.6)	18 (60.0)
Middle-Low	32 (46.4)	12 (40.0)
BCLC			0.254
0-A	9 (13.0)	8 (26.7)
B	28 (40.6)	10 (33.3)
C	32 (46.4)	12 (40.0)
Child-Pugh Score			0.770
< 3	57 (82.6)	26 (86.7)
Morphologic CT features
Tumour size			0.499
< 5 cm	24 (34.8)	13 (43.3)
Multifocality			0.351
1	49 (71.0)	18 (60.0)
≥ 2	20 (29.0)	12 (40.0)
Tumour margin			0.661
Smooth	32 (46.4)	12 (40.0)
Non-smooth	37 (53.6)	18 (60.0)
Pseudo–capsule			0.824
Well-defined	27 (39.1)	13 (43.3)
Ill-defined	42 (60.9)	17 (56.7)
AP hyperenhancement			0.448
No	5 (7.2)	4 (13.3)
Yes	64 (92.8)	26 (86.7)
PVP hypoenhancement			0.430
No	4 (5.8)	3 (10.0)
Yes	65 (94.2)	27 (90.0)
Radiologic evidence of necrosis			0.822
Absent	25 (36.2)	12 (40.0)
Present	44 (63.8)	18 (60.0)
Radiologic evidence of cirrhosis			0.654
Absent	45 (65.2)	18 (60.0)
Present	24 (34.8)	12 (40.0)
Portal vein tumor thrombosis invasion			0.186
Absent	43 (62.3)	14 (46.7)
Present	26 (37.7)	16 (53.3)

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, data are the number of patients, and data in parentheses are percentages. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; PT: Prothrombin time; PLT: Platelet count; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; MVI: Microvascular invasion; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; SD: Standard deviation; AP: Arterial phase; PVP: Portal venous phase.