Osteosarcopenia in autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases: Causes, management, and challenges

Table 1 Prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures according to the severity and stage of primary biliary cholangitis

Ref.	N of patients	Age (yr) mean	Female (%)	Diagnosis	Osteoporosis (%)	Vertebral fractures (%)	Peripheral fractures (%)	Overall fractures (%)	Cirrhosis (%)
Guañabens et al[114]	38	51	100	DPA	45	13	NR	13	94
Parés et al[68]	61	54	100	DXA	21	10	10	13	26
Guañabens et al[65]	142	54	100	DXA	31	14	11	14	26
Guichelaar et al[39]	156	53	86	DXA	44	22	NR	22	100
Guañabens et al[62]	185	56	100	DXA	32	11	12	21	23
Solaymani-Dodaran et al[115]	930	NR	88	NR	NR	NR	7.4	14.7	31

NR: Not reported; DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DPA: Dual-photon absorptiometry.