Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy to treat rectal anastomotic leakage: A critical analysis

Table 2 Reported complications and treatment among studies reporting complications

Ref.	# Patients	Overall complications n (%)	Type of complication	Treatment	Ileostomy closure %
Weidenhagen et al[7], 2008	29	10 (34.5)	10 anastomotic stenosis; 2 fistulas	Bougienage/balloon dilatation (n = 10); Hartmann procedure for persistent fistula (n = 1)	88
von Bernstorff et al[27], 2009	26	2 (7.7)	2 intra-abdominal fistulas	Hartmann procedures (n = 2)	NR
Riss et al[30], 2010	23	6 (23)	1 stenosis; 5 recurrent abscess	Dilatation for stenosis (n = 1); Hartmann’s procedure (n = 3); CT-guided drainage (n = 1); No further action (n = 1)	76.5
van Koperen et al[8], 2009	16	4 (25)	2 abscesses; 1 bleeding; 1 severe pain; 1 anastomotic stenosis	Hartmann procedure for recurrent abscess (n = 2); 1 stopped treatment for pain; 1 dilatation for stenosis	55.6
Nerup et al[25], 2013	13	1 (7.7)	1 anastomotic stenosis	Permanent colostomy (n = 1)	91
Mees et al[23], 2008	5	1 (20)	1 anastomotic stenosis	Dilatation (n = 1)	20
Arezzo et al[15], 2015	14	1 (14)	1 peritonitis; 2 poor compliance	Fibrin glue injection	NR
Strangio et al[11], 2015	25	3 (12)	2 fistulas (1 ureteric, 1 ileal); 1 recurrent abscess	Surgery (n = 3)	84.6
Mussetto et al[31], 2017	11	2 (18)	2 anastomotic stricture	1 endoscopic dilatation; 1 stent placement	91
Keskin et al[13], 2015	15	3 (20)	2 pelvic sepsis; 1 bleeding	Treatment discontinued	71
Milito et al[16], 2017	14	5 (36)	Moderate pain	None	NR
Srinivasamurthy et al[14], 2013	8	1 (12)	Iatrogenic injury during sponge placement	End stoma	64
Abdalla et al[24], 2020	47	4 (8.5)	1 intractable pelvic pain; 3 anastomotic stenosis	Treatment discontinued (pain); Endoscopic dilatation	NR
Kühn et al[28], 2021	281	27 (10)	10 anastomotic stenosis; 7 rectovaginal fistulas; 4 bleeding	Endoscopic dilatation (n = 10); Surgery (n = 7); Endoscopic haemostasis (n = 3); Surgery for intractable beelding (n = 1)	62

NR: Not reported.