Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy to treat rectal anastomotic leakage: A critical analysis

Table 1 Inclusion criteria among different studies

Ref.	# Patients	Anastomosis location	Inclusion criteria	Type of disease (n)	Neoadjuvant therapy (%)
Weidenhagen et al[7], 2008	29	Lower rectum; Middle rectum	Local peritonitis (20); General peritonitis (9)	Cancer of the rectum (22); Rectosigmoid cancer (3); Benign disease (4)	9 (40.9)
von Bernstorff et al[27], 2009	26	Lower rectum; Ileorectal	Local peritonitis	Cancer of the rectum + rectosigmoid	14 (54)
Riss et al[30], 2010	20	Lower rectum; Middle rectum	Not reported	Cancer of the rectum	6 (30)
van Koperen et al[8], 2009	16	Lower rectum; Ileo-anal	Not reported	Cancer (13); Ulcerative colitis (3)	9 (56)
Nerup et al[25], 2013	13	Lower rectum	Local peritonitis	Cancer	6 (46.1)
Mees et al[23], 2008	5	Lower rectum	Local peritonitis Abscess (> 3 cm × 3 cm, or < 10 cm × 10 cm)	Cancer of the rectum	No
Arezzo et al[15], 2015	14	Lower rectum	Local peritonitis	Cancer of the rectum (7); Other (1)	7 (50)
Strangio et al[11], 2015	25	Lower rectum (19); Middle rectum (5); Ileoanal (1)	Local peritonitis Anastomotic leak less than 270	Rectal cancer (18); Endometriosis (1); Left sided colon cancer (4); Diverticulitis (1); Ulcerative colitis (1)	18 (84)
Mussetto et al[31], 2017	11	Lower rectum(8); Middle (3)	Local peritonitis	Rectal cancer	5 (45)
Keskin et al[13], 2015	15	3 (20)	Local peritonitis	Rectal cancer (12); Other (3)	NR
Milito et al[16], 2017	14	Lower rectum	Local peritonitis	Cancer of the rectum	14 (100)
Srinivasamurthy et al[14], 2013	8	Lower rectum; Ileoanal	Not reported	Ulcerative colitis (1); Cancer of the rectum (8)	8 (100)
Abdalla et al[24], 2020	47	Middle (5); Lower (42)	Local peritonitis + asymptomatic leak	Cancer of the rectum (44); Other (3)	27 (57.4)
Kühn et al[28], 2021	281	Lower rectum; Ileoanal; Middle rectum	Local peritonitis extraperitoneal anastomotic leak; Rectal defect	Sigmoid or rectal cancer 183 (65); Other malignancies 50 (18); Diverticular disease 17 (6); Inflammatory bowel disease 12 (4); Perforation 8 (3); Benign/malignant diseases 11 (4)	84 (30)