Spinal anesthesia alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by modulating the gut microbiota

Figure 6 Transplantation of fecal microbiota from lidocaine-treated mice alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 d and then randomly separated into either a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) group or a DSS group. The FMT and DSS groups were gavaged with fecal microbiota (from lidocaine mice) and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. A: Diagram of experimental design; B: Relative abundance plots showing community variation in various groups; C: Alpha diversity calculated using Chao1 index (richness), Shannon index (diversity), and Ace index ; D: Abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes in different groups; E: Colon length compared between DSS mice (n = 6) and FMT + DSS mice (n = 6); F: Permeability compared between DSS mice (n = 6) and FMT + DSS mice (n = 6); G: Body weight compared between DSS mice (n = 6) and FMT + DSS mice (n = 6); H: Disease activity index compared between DSS mice (n = 6) and FMT + DSS mice (n = 6). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA between different groups. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. Statistical significance and variance of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity data were assessed using PERMANOVA; alpha diversity data are represented as the mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was assessed using t tests, n = 3 mice per group. 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; DSS: Dextran sodium sulfate.