Spinal anesthesia alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by modulating the gut microbiota

Figure 3 Spinal anesthesia with lidocaine protects the intestinal barrier. A: Intestinal permeability tested by FITC-dextran assay; B: Western blot analysis showed the expression of claudin-1 and occludin as key tight junction proteins in each group; C: Mucins in tissue sections observed by Alcian blue staining; D: Quantitation of the Alcian blue staining result; E: Mucins in tissue sections observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. F: Quantitation of the periodic acid-Schiff staining result. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA between different groups. ^aP < 0.01, control vs saline + DSS; ^bP < 0.01, saline + DSS vs lidocaine + DSS; ^cP < 0.01; lidocaine + DSS vs 5-ASA + DSS; ^dP < 0.01, saline + DSS vs 5-ASA + DSS. 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; DSS: Dextran sodium sulfate.