Epidemiological, clinical, and histological presentation of celiac disease in Northwest China

Table 3 General clinical symptoms and frequency of coeliac disease

Symptoms1	Subjects without coeliac disease (n = 2834), n (%)		Coeliac disease (n = 50), n (%)		P value	Total (n = 2884), n (%)		Frequency of coeliac disease among patients with symptoms (95%CI)	P value
Chronic diarrhea	258	9.1	21	42.0	< 0.001	279	9.7	7.53 (4.4-10.6)	< 0.001
Abdominal pain	1437	50.7	27	54.0	0.644	1464	50.8	1.84 (1.2-2.5)
Abdominal distension	1400	49.4	29	58.0	0.228	1429	49.5	2.03 (1.3-2.8)
Constipation	397	14.0	5	10.0	0.417	402	13.9	1.24 (0.2-2.3)
Anorexia	640	22.6	20	40.0	0.004	660	22.9	3.03 (1.7-4.3)
Vomit or/and nausea	802	28.3	18	36.0	0.231	820	28.4	2.20 (1.2-3.2)
Heartburn or/and acid reflux	740	26.1	12	24.0	0.736	752	26.1	1.60 (0.7-2.5)
Belch	776	27.4	13	26.0	0.828	789	27.4	1.65 (0.8-2.5)
Headache or/and dizziness	677	23.9	14	28.0	0.500	691	24.0	2.03 (1.0-3.1)
Anemia	416	14.7	20	40.0	< 0.001	436	15.1	4.59 (2.6-6.6)
Fatigue	536	18.9	24	48.0	< 0.001	560	19.4	4.29 (2.6-6.0)
Weight loss	873	30.8	24	48.0	0.009	897	31.1	2.68 (1.6-3.7)
Osteopenia or osteoporosis	329	11.6	38	76.0	< 0.001	367	12.7	10.35 (7.2-13.5)
Sleep disorder	771	27.2	23	46.0	0.003	794	27.5	2.90 (1.7-4.1)
Anxiety and depression	808	28.5	17	34.0	0.395	825	28.6	2.06 (1.1-3.0)
H. pylori infection	1627	57.4	24	48.0	0.182	1651	57.2	1.45 (0.9-2.0)

¹Note that patients had more than one symptom.