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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2022; 28(11): 1123-1138
Published online Mar 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i11.1123
Published online Mar 21, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i11.1123
Table 2 Systemic therapies for advanced disease
| Pharmacological class | Therapeutic agent | Superiority vs placebo | Main ongoing clinical trials |
| Somatostatin analogs | Octreotide (30 mg/4 wk i.m.) | Yes[70] | NCT04129255 |
| Lanreotide (120 mg/4 wk s.c.) | Yes[69] | NCT03289741 (octreotide vs lanreotide) | |
| Cytokines | Interferon-α (3 MIU/three times a week s.c.) | Yes[72] | NCT02838342 (association with cyclophosfamide) |
| Targeted agents | Everolimus (10 mg/d p.o.) | Yes[73] | NCT02248012 (association with temozolomide) |
| Sunitinib (50 mg/d p.o.) | Yes[74]1 | NCT00056693NCT02315625 | |
| Cabozantinib (40-60 mg/d p.o.) | NA | NCT05048901 | |
| Sorafenib (800 mg/d p.o.) | NA | NCT00605566, NCT00131911 | |
| Radioligand therapy | 177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera) | Yes[76] | NCT02743741, NCT03972488 (combination with LAR) |
| Chemotherapy | Cisplatin/carboplatin ± etoposide/irinotecan | Yes[79] | NCT03963193 (etoposide + cisplatin vs irinotecan + cisplatin) |
| Streptozocin ± 5-FU ± doxorubicin | Yes[80] | NCT00602082 | |
| 5-FU ± dacarbazine ± epirubicin | Yes [81] | NA |
- Citation: Gallo C, Rossi RE, Cavalcoli F, Barbaro F, Boškoski I, Invernizzi P, Massironi S. Rectal neuroendocrine tumors: Current advances in management, treatment, and surveillance. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(11): 1123-1138
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v28/i11/1123.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i11.1123