Serum 1,3-beta-D-glucan as a noninvasive test to predict histologic activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Patient demographics and medical characteristics

Parameters	Controls (n = 82)	Crohn’s disease (n = 115)	Ulcerative colitis (n = 51)
Women	57 (69.5%)	58 (50.4%)	27 (52.9%)
Age (yr), median (IQR)	51.5 (36.5-60)	42 (28-58)	44 (37-56)
Disease duration (yr), median (IQR)		6 (3-11)	9 (3-14)
Age at diagnosis (yr)
A1; A2; A3, n (%)		10 (8.7); 57 (49.6); 48 (41.7)	8 (15.7); 29 (56.9); 14 (27.5)
Disease behavior
B1; B2; B3, n (%)		53 (46.1); 20 (17.4); 42 (36.5)	-
Disease location
L1; L2; L3/E1; E2; E3, n (%)		16 (13.9); 39 (33.9); 60 (52.2)	14 (27.5); 17 (33.3); 20 (39.2)
Perianal disease		23 (20.0%)	-
EIM		12 (10.4%)	3 (5.9%)
PSC		6 (5.2%)	5 (9.8%)
Previous surgery		36 (31.3%)	2 (3.9%)
Medical therapy
Biologicals		38 (33.0%)	5 (9.8%)
Immunosuppressants		66 (57.4%)	22 (43.1%)
Steroids		17 (14.8%)	3 (5.9%)
Salicylates		18 (15.7%)	26 (51.0%)
Clinically active		60 (52.2%)	33 (64.7%)
Endoscopically active		77 (66.9%)	35 (68.6%)
Histologically active		33/71 (46.5%)	9/29 (31.0%)
CRP, mg/L	1.65 (1.4-6.0)	2.8 (1.6-8.1)	4.3 (2.0-7.6)
ESR, mm/h	22 (10-30)	22 (10-42)	35 (19-67)
Fecal calprotectin, µg/g	122 (45-201)	199 (52-325)	218 (115-370)
Beta-glucan, µg/mL	17 (8-33)	35 (17-74)	23 (9-54)

The values are presented as numbers (percentages) or medians interquartile range; age at diagnosis: A1, < 17; A2, 17-40; A3, > 40; Disease behavior in Crohn’s disease: B1: Inflammatory; B2: Fibrostenosing; B3: Penetrating; Disease location in Crohn’s disease: L1: Ileal; L2: Colonic; L3: Ileo-colonic; Disease location in ulcerative colitis: E1: Proctitis; E2: Left sided colitis; E3: Extensive colitis; EIM: Extraintestinal manifestations; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.