Comparative study of indocyanine green-R15, Child-Pugh score, and model for end-stage liver disease score for prediction of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Table 1 Patients’ preoperative characteristics

Parameter	Patients enrolled (n = 195)	Patients without post-TIPS HE (n = 150)	Patients with post-TIPS HE (n = 45)	P value
Age (years)1	51.2 ± 11.4	49.8 ± 13.2	58.3 ± 9.9	0.004b
Gender (F/M), n2	140/55			0.79
TIPS indication, n2				0.10
Variceal bleeding	118 (60.7)	93	25
Ascites	36 (18.5)	29	7
Bleeding combine with ascites	27 (14.1)	21	6
Other	14 (6.7)	7	7
Cirrhotic aetiology, n2				0.98
Viral	146 (74.9)	111	35
Alcoholic	31 (15.9)	25	6
Biliary	9 (4.6)	7	2
Drug-induced	4 (2)	3	1
Autoimmune	5 (2.6)	4	1
Preoperative HVPG, mmHg3	17.1 (11, 23)	18 (13, 21)	20 (12, 20)	0.28
Preoperative PPG, mmHg3	23 (18, 29)	23 (16, 29)	23 (20, 28)	0.6
Stent size, mm (%)2				0.057
7	59 (30.4)	51	8
8	117 (60)	87	30
10	19 (9.6)	12	7
Puncture site of portal vein, n2				0.013a
Left branch	113 (57.7)	96	17
Bifurcation	22 (11.1)	15	7
Right branch	60 (31.2)	40	20
Child-Pugh score1	7.1 ± 1.5	7.0 ± 1.6	8.0 ± 2.1
Child-Pugh grade, n2				0.029a
A	108 (55.6)	89	19
B	75 (38.5)	55	20
C	12 (5.9)	6	6
MELD score3	7.0 (4.1, 10.0)	6.5 (3.8, 10.0)	7.9 (5.8, 13.0)	0.07
ICG-R15, %3	38.4 (22, 50)	34.6 (21.8, 47.7)	44.4 (35.4, 63.0)	0.013a
Total protein, g/L1	64.0 ± 9.0	64.6 ± 9.6	61.8 ± 6.9	0.19
Total bilirubin, μmoL/L3	24.5 (16.8, 35.4)	24.0 (16.9, 35.2)	29.8 (19.5, 44.5)	0.169
Creatinine, μmoL/L3	63 (52, 77)	61 (52, 73)	70 (59, 85)	0.084
ALT, U/L3	21 (15, 33)	22 (16, 33)	21 (16, 29)	0.889
AST, U/L3	28 (20, 42)	28 (20, 44)	31 (23, 50)	0.442
ALP, U/L3	91 (67, 122)	90 (67, 131)	92 (65, 121)	0.39
Albumin, g/L1	34.9 ± 5.4	33.4 ± 5.2	35.2 ± 6.9	0.12
Serum potassium, mmoL/L1	4.0 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.3	4.0 ± 0.4	0.62
Serum clozapine, mmoL/L1	105.2 ± 5.8	105.3 ± 5.4	105.5 ± 6.6	0.81
Serum sodium, mmoL/L1	138.7 ± 5.1	136.2 ± 4.9	140.7 ± 6.1	0.39
WBC, × 109/L3	3.27 (2.1, 4.6)	3.1 (2.1, 4.4)	3.3 (2.5, 5.7)	0.26
Platelet count, × 109/L3	80 (58.3, 120)	85 (61.2, 127.7)	83 (63, 107)	0.49
Hb, g/L1	97.4 ± 27.1	95.3 ± 25.5	98.1 ± 27.9	0.9
BUN, mmoL/L3	5.7 (4.3, 7.7)	5.4 (4.2, 7.0)	7.6 (5.4, 8.8)	0.07
NH3, μg/Dl1	49.5 ± 19.5	46.6 ± 15.4	54.9 ± 23.8	0.037a
APTT, s3	33.4 ± 4.4	33.8 ± 4.5	33.5 ± 4.2	0.76
INR1	1.4 ± 0.3	1.37 ± 0.3	1.32 ± 0.19	0.50
FIB, g/L1	2.17 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.7	0.39
PT, s1	14.8 ± 2.5	14.7 ± 2.6	14.4 ± 2.0	0.69

¹Values are the mean ± SD.

²Values are n.

³Values are medians (P25, P75).

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; PPG: Portal pressure gradient; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; ICG: Indocyanine green; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; Hb: Hemoglobin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; APTT: Active partial thromboplastin; INR: International normalized ratio; FIB: Fibrinogen; PT: Prothrombin time; WBC: White blood cells.