Chinese expert consensus on neoadjuvant and conversion therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Evidence of studies on the neoadjuvant therapy

Treatment regimen	Study design	Number of patients	Treatment cycle	Study outcomes
Apatinib + camrelizumab[45]	Phase II	20	6 wk	MPR: 29.4%. PCR: 5.9%
Cabozantinib + nivolumab[46]	Phase I	15	8 wk	12 patients received R0 resection, and MPR or PCR was found in 5 patients (41.7%)
Toripalimab ± lenvatinib	Phase Ib/II	16	21-28 d	3 patients (20%) with MPR
Ipilimumab + nivolumab[47]	Phase Ib	7	6 wk	ORR of 20%; of the 5 patients with pathologically assessable tumors, 3 (60%) were found with pathological remission
Ipilimumab ± nivolumab[48]	Phase II	30	6 wk	Pathological remission rate: 30% (8/27), MPR: 11% (3/27), PCR: 19% (5/27)

MPR: Major pathological response; PCR: Pathological complete response; ORR: Objective remission rate.