Presentation, patterns and predictive value of baseline liver tests on outcomes in COVID-19 patients without chronic liver disease

Table 2 Correlations between baseline liver chemistry elevations and demographic characteristics of the study population

	Elevated ALP	P value	Elevated AST	P value	Elevated ALT	P value	Elevated Bilirubin	P value
Sex		0.001		< 0.001		0.34		< 0.001
Female	619 (14.2%)		2191 (50.1%)		2336 (53.4%)		124 (2.8%)
Male	751 (12.0%)		4044 (64.8%)		3395 (54.4%)		370 (5.9%)
Race		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.51
Asian	134 (14.7%)		613 (67.1%)		533 (58.3%)		43 (4.7%)
Black	228 (10.1%)		1332 (59.3%)		1146 (51.0%)		117 (5.2%)
Other/multiracial	468 (15.9%)		1845 (62.7%)		1836 (62.4%)		139 (4.7%)
Unknown	74 (15.6%)		300 (63.4%)		304 (64.3%)		17 (3.6%)
White	466 (11.6%)		2145 (53.2%)		1912 (47.4%)		178 (4.4%)
Ethnicity		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.51
Hispanic or Latino	398 (17.5%)		1410 (62.0%)		1450 (63.7%)		97 (4.3%)
Non-Hispanic or Latino	864 (11.3%)		4384 (57.3%)		3852 (50.4%)		361 (4.7%)
Unknown or other	108 (15.7%)		441 (64.0%)		429 (62.3%)		36 (5.2%)
BMI (kg/m2)		< 0.001		0.08		< 0.001		< 0.001
< 30	730 (14.3%)		2996 (58.5%)		2694 (52.6%)		269 (5.3%)
≥ 30	336 (10.5%)		1946 (60.4%)		1885 (58.5%)		111 (3.5%)
Diabetes mellitus		0.03		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
No	920 (13.4%)		1158 (60.7%)		3897 (56.9%)		356 (5.2%)
Yes	450 (12.0%)		2077 (55.2%)		1834 (48.7%)		138 (3.7%)
Hypertension		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.36
No	642 (14.6%)		2683 (60.9%)		2649 (60.1%)		215 (4.9%)
Yes	728 (11.7%)		3552 (57.3%)		3082 (49.7%)		279 (4.5%)
Coronary artery disease		0.69		0.006		< 0.001		0.09
No	1194 (12.9%)		5501 (59.3%)		5184 (55.8%)		420 (4.5%)
Yes	176 (13.3%)		734 (55.3%)		547 (41.2%)		74 (5.6%)
Congestive heart failure		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
No	1223 (12.5%)		5811 (59.4%)		5419 (55.4%)		432 (4.4%)
Yes	147 (17.7%)		424 (51.0%)		312 (37.5%)		62 (7.5%)
COPD		0.24		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.46
No	1301 (13.0%)		5939 (59.4%)		5504 (55.0%)		462 (4.6%)
Yes	69 (11.4%)		296 (48.7%)		227 (37.3%)		32 (5.3%)
CKD (stage I-IV)		0.82		0.001		< 0.001		0.59
No	1321 (12.9%)		6036 (59.1%)		5582 (54.6%)		478 (4.7%)
Yes	49 (12.5%)		199 (50.9%)		149 (38.1%)		16 (4.1%)
End-stage renal disease		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.09
No	1265 (12.4%)		6044 (59.4%)		5621 (55.2%)		481 (4.7%)
Yes	105 (24.2%)		191 (44.0%)		110 (25.4%)		13 (3.0%)
Malignancy		0.58		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.049
No	1273 (13.0%)		5827 (59.3%)		5380 (54.8%)		446 (4.5%)
Yes	97 (12.3%)		408 (51.7%)		351 (44.4%)		48 (6.1%)

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.