Gossip in the gut: Quorum sensing, a new player in the host-microbiota interactions

Table 1 Examples of bacterial quorum sensing autoinducer and corresponding systems

	AI	Example of producing bacteria	QS system	Bacterial QS-regulated processes	Ref.
Gram +	AI peptide	Staphylococcus aureus	agr	Virulence	Novick et al[155]
		Listeria monocytogenes	agr	Virulence	Autret et al[156]
		Clostridium perfringens	agr	Virulence	Ohtani et al[157]
		Enterococcus faecalis	FsR	Virulence	Sifri et al[158]
		Bacillus subtilis	com	Competence	Magnuson et al[159]
	γ-butyrolactone	Streptomyces genus	scb	Antibiotics	Takano et al[13]
			scg	Metabolism	Du et al[14]
Gram -	AI-1 (acyl-homoserine lactones)	Vibrio fischeri	LuxI/LuxR	Luminescence	Engebrecht et al[16]
		Vibrio harveyi	LuxLM/LuxN	Luminescence	Mok et al[160]
				Virulence	Waters and Bassler[161]
		Pseudomonas aeruginosa	LasI/LasR	Virulence and biofilm	Gambello and Iglewski[162], Gambello et al[163], Winson et al[164], and Chapon-Hervé et al[165]
			RhlI/RhlR
	PQS	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	PqsABCD/PqsR	QS regulation	Pesci et al[166]
				Pyocyanin	Gallagher et al[167]
				Iron homeostasis	Bredenbruch et al[168] and Diggle et al[169]
				Virulence	Gallagher et al[167] and Cao et al[170]
				Biofilm	Diggle et al[171]
	IQS	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	AmbBCDE/IqsR	Response to stress	Lee et al[172]
	CAI	Vibrio (cholerae)	CqsA/CqsS	Virulence	Ng et al[173]
	AI-3	EHEC O157:H7	Qse/QseBC	Attachment-effacement	Sperandio et al[19], Walters et al[21], and Kim et al[22]
		EPEC O26:H11	Qse/unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22], and Kaper and Sperandio[40]
		AIEC LF82	Qse/unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22]
		Escherichia coli MG1655	Unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22]
		Escherichia coli BW25113	Unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22]
		Salmonella enterica	Qse/unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22], Kaper and Sperandio[40], and Walters and Sperandio[174]
		Shigella flexneri	Qse/unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22], Kaper and Sperandio[40], and Walters and Sperandio[174]
		Yersinia sp.	Qse/unknown	Unknown	Kim et al[22], Kaper and Sperandio[40], and Walters and Sperandio[174]
Gram + and -	AI-2	Vibrio harveyi	LuxS/LuxPQ	Bioluminescence, TSS, protease	Surette et al[24], Mok et al[160], and Schauder et al[175]
		Vibrio cholerae	LuxS/LuxPQ	Virulence and Biofilm	Schauder et al[175], Zhu et al[176], and Hammer and Bassler[177]
		Enterococcus faecalis	LuxS/LuxPQ	Unknown	Surette et al[24], and Schauder et al[175]
		EHEC	LuxS/LsrB (?)	Attachment-effacement	Schauder et al[175], and Bansal et al[178]
		Salmonella enterica	LuxS/LsrB	Pathogenicity and invasion	Miller et al[26], Schauder et al[175], and Choi et al[179]

AI: Autoinducer; AIEC: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli; AIP: AutoInducer peptides; CAI: Cholera autoinducer-1; EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; EPEC: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; IQS: Integrated quorum sensing; PQS: Pseudomonas quinolone signal; QS: Quorum sensing.