Role of cell-free network communication in alcohol-associated disorders and liver metastasis

Figure 1 Extracellular vesicle biogenesis. Pathways involved in extracellular vesicle (EV) generation from the endocytosis of cargo components to release of targeting exosomes. EV biogenesis is achieved by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent or ESCRT-independent pathways. Several cytoplasmic and nuclear molecules can be sorted in the EVs such as ubiquitin-related proteins, heat shock proteins, miRNAs, and cytoskeleton proteins. ESCRT: Endosomal sorting complex required for transport; sER: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum; rER: Rough endoplasmic reticulum.