Understanding the immune response and the current landscape of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Table 5 Clinical trials on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma combining vaccines and immunotherapy

National clinical trial number	Sample	Phase	Settings	Drug	Results
NCT00836407	30	I	Metastatic ≥ Second line	Ipilimumab GVAX	Combination: OS 5.7 m (95%CI: 4.3-14.7); Ipilimumab: OS 3.6 m (95%CI: 2.5-9.2)
NCT02243371	93	II	Metastatic ≥ Second line	Nivolumab Cy; GVAX; CRS-207	No results posted
NCT02451982	62	I/II	Neoadjuvant Adjuvant	Nivolumab Cy GVAX Urelumab	No results posted
NCT04627246	3	I/II	Adjuvant	DC vaccine loaded with personalized peptides (PEP-DC); Nivolumab SOC	No results posted
NCT02432963	11	I	Advanced (solid malignancies) ≥ Second line	Pembrolizumab p53MVA	Clinical responses in three out of eleven patients

OS: overall survival; Cy: Cyclophosphamide; SOC: Standard of Care Chemotherapy; p53MVA: Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine Expressing p53.