Understanding the immune response and the current landscape of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Clinical trials on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using immunotherapy

National clinical trial number	Sample	Phase	Settings	Drug	Results
NCT00112580	82	II	Advanced; Metastatic; Any line	Ipilimumab	No improvement in survival rate
NCT02527434	64	II	Advanced; Metastatic; ≥ Second line	Tremelimumab	OS 4 m (95%CI: 2.83-5.42)
NCT02558894	65	II	Metastatic; ≥ Second line	Tremelimumab + Durvalumab vs Durvalumab alone	OS 3.1 m (95%CI: 2.2-6.1) Combination therapy; OS 3.6 m (95%CI: 2.7-6.1) Durvalumab alone
NCT00112580	27	II	Advanced; Metastatic; ≥ Second line	Ipilimumab	No improvement in survival rate
NCT03379259	14	I	Advanced (PDAC and other tumors); ≥ Second line	Anti-PD-L1 (BMS-936559)	No improvement in survival rate
NCT01928394	1131	I/II	Advanced (PDAC and other tumors) Any line	Nivolumab ± Ipilimumab	Ongoing
NCT03829501	412	I/II	Advanced (PDAC and other tumors); ≥ Second line	Atezolizumab	Ongoing
NCT03080974	10	I	Advanced (stage III) Any line	Nivolumab +Irreversible electroporation	PFS 6.3 m (95%CI: 3.5-10.0); OS 18 m (95%CI: 9.2-26.8)

OS: Overall survival; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PFS: Progression-free survival.