Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning among donors and recipients following pediatric liver transplantation: A randomized clinical trial

Table 1 Recipient demographics and preoperative and intraoperative characteristics

	DR-RIPC, n = 51	D-RIPC, n = 51	R-RIPC, n = 51	S-RIPC, n = 55	P value
Demographics
Sex, male/female	23/28	28/23	25/26	29/26	0.766
Age in mo	7 (6, 8)	7 (6, 8)	7 (6, 9)	7 (6, 9)	0.130
Weight in kg	7.4 ± 1.3	7.2 ± 1.0	7.6 ± 1.4	7.8 ± 1.8	0.190
Height in cm	66.5 ± 5.8	66.3 ± 4.6	67.3 ± 6.1	68.4 ± 6.8	0.245
Kasai operation, yes/no	30/21	31/20	30/21	33/22	0.996
PELD grade	16.7 ± 10.2	17.2 ± 8.9	14.0 ± 10.1	15.3 ± 8.5	0.222
Child-Pugh grade, A/B/C	4/30/17	3/30/18	5/35/11	6/37/12	0.599
Preoperative biochemical data
ALT in U/L	140.0 (70.0, 220.0)	154.5 (93.5, 237.2)	130.0 (88.67, 201.5)	140.0 (81.0, 268.6)	0.774
AST in U/L	257.7 (166.0, 421.0)	230.1 (161.0, 339.5)	239.0 (114.0, 405.5)	282.0 (153.0, 500.8)	0.385
TB in mmol/L	264.4 ± 153.3	274.6 ± 166.8	243.9 ± 163.0	253.9 ± 141.0	0.839
ALB in g/L	34.3 ± 6.3	33.3 ± 5.4	32.9 ± 6.1	34.1 ± 5.5	0.604
Cr in μmol/L	14.8 ± 5.1	13.9 ± 3.8	15.8 ± 4.8	15.2 ± 6.4	0.256
WBC as 109/L	11.6 ± 4.6	13.6 ± 10.7	12.2 ± 5.9	10.4 ± 4.8	0.204
N%	39.4 ± 12.1	39.2 ± 14.6	34.7 ± 11.9	39.9 ± 13.3	0.159
Hgb in g/L	92.4 ± 17.7	94.5 ± 15.8	96.7 ± 15.9	93.3 ± 14.5	0.535
PLT as 109/L	215.0 (148.0, 301.0)	207.0 (138.0, 315.0)	202.0 (144.0, 258.0)	188.0 (129.0, 244.0)	0.476
Intraoperative characteristics
Length of anhepatic phase in min	32.0 (30.0, 38.0)	34.0 (29.0, 38.5)	33.0 (30.25, 39.0)	34.0 (30.0, 42.5)	0.714
Time of cold ischemia in min	65.7 ± 19.2	63.4 ± 21.5	63.5 ± 17.7	66.4 ± 16.8	0.477
Weight of donor liver in g	249.7 ± 36.0	238.4 ± 44.5	247.8 ± 36.8	253.8 ± 54.4	0.333
GRWR, %	3.5 ± 0.7	3.4 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 0.7	3.3 ± 0.9	0.674
Time of anesthesia in min	470.0 (430.0, 502.5)	441.5 (410.2, 509.8)	473.5 (420.0, 524.0)	468.0 (428.5, 503.0)	0.586
Time of surgery in min	373.9 ± 55.6	366.4 ± 72.2	378.4 ± 69.0	384.5 ± 63.4	0.543
Transfusion volume in mL	1550.0 (1285.0, 1715.0)	1485.0 (1210.0, 1750.0)	1658.0 (1302.0, 1850.0)	1580.0 (1325.0, 1748.0)	0.410
ALB transfusion in g	26.3 ± 7.2	24.4 ± 8.2	24.8 ± 9.4	24.5 ± 7.5	0.486
RBC transfusion in U	1.0 (1.0, 2.0)	1.0 (1.0, 2.0)	1.0 (1.0, 1.9)	1.0 (1.0, 1.8)	0.863
Bleeding in mL	100.0 (100.0, 200.0)	100.0 (100.0, 200.0)	100.0 (100.0, 200.0)	100.0 (100.0, 200.0)	0.928
Urine in mL	220.0 (150.0, 300.0)	210.0 (151.2, 300.0)	220.0 (152.5, 300.0)	210.0 (140.0, 305.0)	0.965

Variables are shown as “mean (SD)” or “median (25% quartile, 75% quartile)”. ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; Cr: Creatinine; D-RIPC: Donors received remote ischemic preconditioning; DR-RIPC: Both donors and recipients received remote ischemic preconditioning; GRWR: Graft/recipient's body weight ratio; Hgb: Hemoglobin; N%: Neutrophil%; PLT: Platelet; RBC: Red blood cell; S-RIPC: Remote ischemic preconditioning with no intervention; R-RIPC: Recipients received remote ischemic preconditioning; PELD: Pediatric end-stage liver disease; TB: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell.