Preoperative maximal voluntary ventilation, hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes and platelets predict postoperative survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for patients' overall survival with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Gender		0.924
Female	1
Male	0.991 (0.831-1.183)
Age at diagnosis in yr		< 0.001		< 0.001
< 60	1		1
≥ 60	1.613 (1.355-1.920)		1.388 (1.155-1.668)
Smoking history		0.760
No	1
Yes	0.974 (0.821-1.155)
Drinking history		0.293
No	1
Yes	0.905 (0.752-1.090)
Tumor length in cm		< 0.001		0.018
< 4	1		1
≥ 4	1.691 (1.419-2.016)		1.259 (1.040-1.525)
Tumor location		0.064
Upper	1
Middle	0.782 (0.623-0.982)
Lower	0.733 (0.549-0.979)
Differentiation		< 0.001		0.308
Well	1		1
Moderate	1.308 (0.839-2.039)		1.189 (0.759-1.865)
Poor	1.829 (1.169-2.862)		1.334 (0.841-2.118)
Invasion depth		< 0.001		0.001
pT1	1		1
pT2	2.100 (1.491-2.958)		1.671 (1.173-2.379)
pT3	2.769 (2.007-3.819)		1.926 (1.371-2.706)
Lymph node metastasis		< 0.001		< 0.001
pN0	1		1
pN1	1.803 (1.463-2.222)		1.695 (1.362-2.109)
pN2	2.809 (2.224-3.549)		2.281 (1.780-2.922)
pN3	3.857 (2.571-5.787)		2.945 (1.926-4.504)
Surgical approach		0.130
Left	1
Right	1.250 (0.936-1.669)
Treatment type		0.512
Surgery	1
Surgery + adjuvant RT/CT	1.072 (0.871-1.319)
MVV		< 0.001		< 0.001
≥ 85.2	1		1
< 85.2	1.487 (1.252-1.767)		1.451 (1.208-1.743)
HALP score		< 0.001		< 0.001
≥ 38.8	1		1
< 38.8	1.617 (1.361-1.922)		1.537 (1.287-1.836)
Overall complications		< 0.001		< 0.001
No	1		1
Yes	1.456 (1.179-1.799)		1.515 (1.218-1.884)

CI: Confidence interval; CT: Chemotherapy; HALP: Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes and platelets; HR: Hazard ratio; MVV: Maximal voluntary ventilation; RT: Radiotherapy.