Prognostic factors of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: Does robotic gastrectomy bring oncological benefit?

Table 5 Clinicopathological characteristics of pStage II/III patients in the pre- and postmatched cohort

	Prematched				Postmatched
	Lap (n = 241)	Robotic (n = 67)	P	ASD	Lap (n = 61)	Robotic (n = 61)	P	ASD
Sex, n (%)			0.132	0.204			0.580	0.100
Male	174 (72.2)	42 (62.7)			35 (57.4)	38 (62.3)
Female	67 (27.8)	25 (37.3)			26 (42.6)	23 (37.7)
Age, yr [IQR]	69 [61–75]	65 [60–77]	0.134	0.235	68 [61–75]	65 [60–77]	0.824	0.042
BMI, kg/m2 [IQR]	21.6 [19.2–23.7]	23.1 [20.0–24.8]	0.008	0.329	22.6 [20.4–24.9]	23.0 [20.0–24.9]	0.810	0.007
ASA, n (%)			0.074	0.315			0.959	0.052
1	89 (36.9)	35 (52.2)			31 (50.8)	30 (49.2)
2	118 (49.0)	24 (35.8)			23 (37.7)	23 (37.7)
3	34 (14.1)	8 (11.9)			7 (11.5)	8 (13.1)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)	61 (25.3)	11 (16.4)	0.128	0.220	10 (16.4)	11 (18.0)	0.810	0.043
Type of gastrectomy, n (%)			0.075	0.329			1	< 0.001
Distal	136 (56.4)	48 (71.6)			42 (68.9)	42 (68.9)
Total	104 (43.2)	19 (28.4)			19 (31.1)	19 (31.1)
Proximal	1 (0.4)	0 (0)			0 (0)	0 (0)
Tumor size, mm [IQR]	50[35-70]	40[30-63]	0.026	0.265	50 [35–77]	43 [30–65]	0.192	0.187
pT, n (%)			0.042	0.391			0.860	0.158
1	11 (4.6)	8 (11.9)			4 (6.6)	6 (9.8)
2	35 (14.5)	4 (6.0)			4 (6.6)	4 (6.6)
3	85 (35.3)	27 (40.3)			21 (34.4)	23 (37.7)
4	110 (45.6)	28 (41.8)			32 (52.5)	28 (45.9)
pN, n (%)			0.15	0.338			0.617	0.244
0	65 (27.0)	24 (35.8)			16 (26.2)	22 (36.1)
1	48 (19.9)	15 (22.4)			17 (27.9)	13 (21.3)
2	68 (28.2)	10 (14.9)			9 (14.8)	10 (16.4)
3	60 (24.9)	18 (26.9)			19 (31.1)	16 (26.2)
pStage, n (%)			0.246				0.716
II	121 (50.2)	39 (58.2)			32 (52.5)	34 (55.7)
III	120 (49.8)	28 (41.8)			29 (47.5)	27 (44.3)
Dissected nodes, n [IQR]	44 [35–53]	43 [35–51]	0.858		45 [35–54]	43 [30-65]	0.556
WHO histological type, n (%)			0.667				0.229
Tub/pap	88 (36.5)	27 (41.8)			17 (27.9)	26 (42.6)
Por/sig	129 (53.5)	34 (50.7)			37 (60.7)	30 (49.2)
Mixed/other	24 (10.0)	5 (7.5)			7 (11.5)	5 (8.2)
Lymphovascular invasion, n (%)	241 (100)	66 (98.5)	0.218		61 (100)	60 (98.4)	0.5
Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)	161 (66.8)	47 (70.1)	0.605		38 (62.3)	43 (70.5)	0.338
Morbidity (C-D grade ≥ III), n (%)	31 (12.9)	3 (4.5)	0.053		10 (16.4)	3 (4.9)	0.04

Categorical and continuous data are presented as n (%) and median [IQR], respectively. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CR: Complete response at the primary site; C–D: Clavien–Dindo classification; ASD: Absolute standardized mean difference.