Prognostic factors of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: Does robotic gastrectomy bring oncological benefit?

Table 3 Factors associated with recurrence-free survival for the entire cohort (n = 814)

			Univariate		Multivariate
	HR		95%CI	P	HR	95%CI	P
Age > 65 yr	1.33		0.97–1.84	0.076	1.48	1.02–2.14	0.038
Female sex	0.76		0.54–1.06	0.108
BMI > 23 kg/m2	0.77		0.56–1.05	0.100
ASA
1	1				1
2	0.95		0.68–1.32	0.761	1.08	0.75–1.55	0.692
3	1.67		1.09–2.55	0.018	1.62	1.02–2.60	0.043
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	1.91		1.34–2.71	< 0.001	1.39	0.93–2.08	0.104
Robotic approach	0.69		0.45–1.06	0.087	0.68	0.44–1.06	0.088
Type of gastrectomy
Distal/pylorus-preserving	1				1
Total/proximal	2.24		1.66–3.02	< 0.001	1.55	1.12–2.15	0.009
D2 lymphadenectomy	2.08		1.50–2.86	< 0.001	0.99	0.66–1.48	0.957
Tumor > 30 mm	3.19		2.23–4.56	< 0.001	0.95	0.61–1.48	0.827
WHO histologic type
Tub/pap	1				1
Por/sig/mixed/other	0.54		0.14–2.08	0.005	1.20	0.86–1.66	0.284
Lymphovascular invasion		4.93	3.06–7.94	< 0.001	1.29	0.69–2.43	0.430
pT
1	1				1
2	2.87		1.69–4.85	< 0.001	1.57	0.85–2.89	0.148
3	3.42		2.13–5.48	< 0.001	1.60	0.89–2.89	0.120
4	10.62		7.26–15.53	< 0.001	4.20	2.38–7.41	< 0.001
CR	1.41		0.19–10.24	0.737	0.96	0.12–7.77	0.967
pN
0	1				1
1	3.08		1.99–4.77	< 0.001	2.23	1.39–3.58	0.001
2	5.01		3.29–7.62	< 0.001	2.24	1.36–3.70	0.002
3	8.92		6.07–13.11	< 0.001	3.32	2.06–5.34	< 0.001
Adjuvant chemotherapy	3.53		2.62–4.77	< 0.001	1.18	0.80–1.73	0.410
Morbidity (C-D grade ≥ III)	1.69		1.09–2.62	0.019	1.04	0.65–1.67	0.868

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CR: Complete response at the primary site; C-D: Clavien–Dindo classification; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.