Prognostic factors of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: Does robotic gastrectomy bring oncological benefit?

Table 2 Factors associated with overall survival for the entire cohort (n = 814)

	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	P	HR	95%CI	P
Age > 65 yr	1.46	1.04–2.06	0.031	1.62	1.09–2.40	0.017
Female sex	0.75	0.52–1.09	0.129
BMI > 23 kg/m2	0.77	0.55–1.07	0.123
ASA
1	1			1
2	0.96	0.68–1.38	0.837	1.06	0.72–1.57	0.753
3	1.97	1.27–3.05	0.003	1.91	1.18–3.10	0.009
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	1.84	1.27–2.67	0.001	1.34	0.88–2.04	0.166
Robotic approach	0.77	0.50–1.21	0.258
Type of gastrectomy
Distal/pylorus-preserving	1			1
Total/proximal	2.17	1.58–2.99	< 0.001	1.45	1.03–2.05	0.036
D2 lymphadenectomy	1.86	1.32–2.61	< 0.001	0.87	0.57–1.33	0.528
Tumor > 30 mm	3.23	2.20–4.75	< 0.001	1.05	0.66–1.69	0.832
WHO histologic type
Tub/pap	1			1
Por/sig/mixed/other	1.54	1.12–2.13	0.009	1.26	0.89–1.78	0.190
Lymphovascular invasion	4.38	2.68–7.17	< 0.001	1.17	0.60–2.26	0.651
pT
1	1			1
2	2.82	1.62–4.91	< 0.001	1.72	0.90–3.27	0.099
3	3.03	1.82–5.03	< 0.001	1.54	0.82–2.91	0.184
4	9.78	6.54–14.60	< 0.001	4.31	2.37–7.82	< 0.001
CR	1.67	0.23–12.17	0.613	1.34	0.16–10.97	0.784
pN
0	1			1
1	2.76	1.74–4.39	< 0.001	2.02	1.22–3.34	0.007
2	4.05	2.56–6.41	< 0.001	1.97	1.15–3.36	0.013
3	8.08	5.40–12.10	< 0.001	2.92	1.79–4.78	< 0.001
Adjuvant chemotherapy	3.27	2.37–4.50	< 0.001	1.21	0.80–1.82	0.371
Morbidity (C-D grade ≥ III)	1.85	1.18–2.91	0.008	1.27	0.79–2.05	0.325

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CR: Complete response at the primary site; C-D: Clavien–Dindo classification.