Endoscopic anti-reflux therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease

Table 3 Clinical success and safety of endoscopic therapies

Technique	Study design and population	Clinical success, range	Major adverse events, range
Transoral incisionless fundoplication	No. of RCTs: 5; n = 343	50%–92%	0%–4.4%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 9; n = 543
Medigus ultrasonic surgical endostapler	No. of RCTs: 0	69%–92%	0%–9%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 5; n = 199
Nonablative radiofrequency (Stretta®)	No. of RCTs: 5; n = 173	15%–100%	0%–1%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 29; n = 2571
Endoscopic plication device (GERDx™)	No. of RCTs: 0	19 out of 40 patients were off PPIs	10%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 1; n = 40
Band ligation techniques	No. of RCTs: 1; n = 150	43%–54%1	0%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 2; n = 73
Anti-reflux mucosectomy	No. of RCTs: 0	58%–100%	0%–17%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 12; n = 331
Anti-reflux mucosal ablation	No. of RCTs: 0	58%–89%	0%–13%
	No. of nonrandomized case series: 3; n = 130

¹Clinical success not defined in the randomized controlled trial. There was a significant reduction in gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life score and 24-h pH-metry outcomes. RCT: Randomized controlled trial; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.