Fully covered metal biliary stents: A review of the literature

Table 4 Comparison of study outcomes usng fully covered self-expanding metal stents for treatment of biliary leak

Ref.	Methods	Patients	Type, duration of stent placement (mo)	Follow-up time (mo)	Clinical success rate1 (%)
Martins et al[110]	Restrospective, single center	31	PCSEMS (3), FCSEMS with fins (3.3), FCSEMS with flare ends (3)	PCSEMS (44), FCSEMS with fins (27), FCSEMS with flare ends (6.6)	PCSEMS (100), FCSEMS with fins (77.8), FCSEMS with flare ends (70)
Lalezari et al[111]	Retrospective, single center	5	FCSEMS with fins (3)	26	100
Kahaleh et al[112]	Retrospective single, center	16	FCSEMS (3)	9	94

¹Clinical success rate defined as resolution of biliary leak confirmed with imaging. PCSEMS: Partially covered self-expandable metal stents; FCSEMS: Fully covered self-expandable metal stents.