Significance of gut microbiota in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

Figure 1 Gut microbiota role in alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Intestinal microbes have the potential relationship with fatty liver disease progression. Regular intake of alcohol and overnutrition altered the gut microbial composition which influence the various pathways and induce the liver injuries and produce the alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are some common pathways found in both AFLD and NAFLD diseases (in the purple box) and others are specifically related to a particular disease. AFLD: Alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; HDED: High dense energy diet; SCFA: Short chain fatty acids; IgA: Immunoglobulin A; IL22: Interleukin 22; Reg3g: Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma; C4: Precursor 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one; FGF19: Fibroblast growth factor 19; PAA: Phenylacetic acid; TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide.