Determination of gluten immunogenic peptides for the management of the treatment adherence of celiac disease: A systematic review

Table 5 Rate of transgressions in the gluten-free diet using different tools in presence/absence of mucosal atrophy by duodenal biopsy, n (%)

Ref.	GIP+ (Stool and/or urine)	Serology+	Questionnaires1	Symptoms
Duodenal biopsy (Marsh II/III)
Moreno et al[9]	7 (100)	2 (29)	-	-
Silvester et al[29,30]	8 (80)	-	-	-
Ruiz-Carnicer et al[23]	17 (94)	7 (39)	6 (43)	4 (22)
Laserna-Mendieta et al[45]	2 (33)	2 (33)	3 (50)	-
Fernández-Bañares et al[46]	31 (78)	10 (25)	1 (3)	11 (28)
Duodenal biopsy (Marsh 0/I)
Moreno et al[9]	5 (28)	2 (11)	-	-
Silvester et al[29,30]	4 (50)	-	-	-
Ruiz-Carnicer et al[23]	27 (47)	2 (3)	8 (17)	14 (24)
Laserna-Mendieta et al[45]	20 (22)	9 (10)	77 (85)	-
Fernández-Bañares et al[46]	22 (61)	7 (19)	5 (14)	4 (11)

¹Questionnaires used were Celiac Disease Adherence Test (CDAT), Biagi Score and standard food records evaluated by dietitians.

GFD: Gluten-free diet; GIP: Gluten immunogenic peptides; -: Not available.