Fluorescent cholangiography: An up-to-date overview twelve years after the first clinical application

Table 5 Studies reporting robotic cholecystectomy and near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography

Ref.	Type of publication	No. of patients	Technique	Incidence of conversion rate to open surgery (%)
Sharma et al[72], 2017	Retrospective cohort study	96	RC	2.1
Gangemi et al[73], 2017	Retrospective cohort study	676	RC	0.15
Maker et al[71], 2017	Cohort study	35	RC	NR
Daskalaki et al[31], 2014	Retrospective cohort study	184	RC	0.00
Spinoglio et al[70], 2013	Cohort study	45	SIRC	0.00
Buchs et al[55], 2013	Cohort study	23	SIRC	0.00
Buchs et al[69], 2012	Prospective cohort study	12	SIRC	0.00

RC: Robotic cholecystectomy; SIRC: Single-incision robotic cholecystectomy; NR: Not reported.