Fluorescent cholangiography: An up-to-date overview twelve years after the first clinical application

Table 1 Cholecysto-cholangiography with direct intra-gallbladder indocyanine green injection

Ref.	Type of publication	No. of patients	No. of patients with gallbladder lithiasis	No. of patients with acute cholecystitis	Technique	Complication	Conversion to open surgery
Jao et al[26], 2020	Case series	2	0	2	2 trans-PTGBD cases	Lymphatic spillage	0
Nitta et al[24], 2020	Case report	1	0	1	1 case through DGBP	-	0
Škrabecet al[23], 2020	Case-controlled study	20	19	1	20 cases through DGBP	ICG bile leakage in 1 case; No progression of dye into the CD in 3 cases	1
Liu et al[22], 2017	Cohort study	46	21	25	18 trans-PTGBD cases; 28 cases through DGBP	ICG leakage in 5 cases	0
Graves et al[25], 2017	Cohort study	11	9	2	11 cases through DGBP	No progression of dye into the CD in 1 case	0

PTGBD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; DGBP: Direct gallbladder puncture; ICG: Indocyanine green; CD: Cystic duct.