Optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using convolutional neural networks

Table 1 Summary of the studies on convolutional neural network algorithms for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps

Ref.	Study design (training/testing)	Multi-centre study	Dataset	Image quality	Classification system	Lesion number (training/testing)	SSL excluded	Endoscopic processor	Image modality (training)	Real-time capability
Komeda et al[37]	Retrospective	Single	Video	Not specified	Adenoma/non-adenoma	Not specified/10	No	Not specified	WLI, NBI, chromoendoscopy	Not specified
Chen et al[25]	Retrospective/prospective	Single	Still	HQ	Hyperplastic/neoplastic	2157/284	Yes	Olympus 260 + 290	Magnified NBI	Real-time (approximately 450 ms)
Byrne et al[23]	Retrospective/prospective	Single	Video	All images	NICE Type 1/NICE Type 2	220/125	Yes	Olympus 190	NBI-NF	Real-time ( approximately 50 ms)
Zachariah et al[26]	Prospective	Two	Still	Adequate and HQ	Adenomatous/serrated polyp	5278/634	No	Olympus 190 (90%), 180 (7%), Pentax i10(3%)	WLI, NBI, i-SCAN	Real-time ( approximately 13 ms)
Ozawa et al[38]	Retrospective/prospective	Single	Still	HQ	Hyperplastic/adenomatous/SSL/CRC/other	WLI: 17566/783 NBI: 2865/290	No	Olympus 260 + 290	WLI, NBI	Real-time (approximately 20 ms)
Jin et al[31]	Retrospective/prospective	Single	Still	HQ	Hyperplastic/adenomatous	2150/300	Yes	Olympus 290	NBI-NF	Real-time (approximately 10 ms)
Song et al[39]	Retrospective/prospective	Single	Still	HQ	Serrated polyp/benign adenoma/MSM/DSMC	624/545	No	Olympus 290	NBI-NF	Real-time ( approximately 20-40 ms)
Rodriguez-Diaz et al[28]	Retrospective/prospective	Two	Still	Not specified	Neoplastic (adenomas, CRC)/non-neoplastic (hyperplastic, normal)	607/280	Training: Yes Testing: No	Olympus 190	NBI-NF, NBI (digital magnification)	Real-time (approximately 100 ms)
van der Zander et al[27]	Retrospective/prospective	Not specified	Still	HQ	Benign (hyperplastic)/pre-malignant (adenomatous, SSL, T1 CRC)	398/60	No	Fujifilm, Pentax	WLI, BLI, i-SCAN	Real-time (approximately 14.8 ms)

SSL: Sessile serrated lesion; WLI: White light imaging; BLI: Blue light imaging; NBI: Narrow band imaging; NBI-NF: Narrow band imaging–near focus; NICE: NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic; HQ: High-quality; CRC: Colorectal cancer; MSMC: Mucosal or superficial submucosal cancer; DSMC: Deep submucosal cancer.