Dietary intake in patients with chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Demographic description of studies included in systematic review

Ref.	Setting (subgroup)	Groups (n)		GenderM/F		Age (mean ± SD, yr)		BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2)		Dietary assessment method (by whom)	NOS
		CP, n (type)	Control, n (type)	CP	Control	CP	Control	CP	Control
Durbec et al[40]	Clinic (Marseille)	193 (142 alcohol-related)	490 (no PC, diabetes, liver disease)	193/0	490/0	44.5 ± 10.5	46.6 ± 13.3	20.2	24.2	Standardised questionnaire[39](dietitian)	6
	Clinic (9 countries)	247	521 (healthy)	247/0	521/0	44.8 ± 13.4	46.7 ± 9.9	20.5	24.1	As above (dietitian)	6
Pitchumoni et al[30]	Clinic	36 (36 alcohol-related)	26 (cirrhosis)	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR (“detailed survey”, method not specified) (nutritionist)	4
Uscanga et al[35]	Hospital	23 (23 alcohol-related)	20 (healthy)	21/2	-	41.2 ± 12.2	-	-	-	NR (nutritionist)	6
Guarnier et al[27]	Clinic	14 (8 alcohol-related)	-	14/0	-	50 ± 11	-	21.8 (X)	-	Diet history and FFQ (dietitian)	5
Mezey et al[7]	Hospital	42 (42 alcohol related)	28 (healthy)	25/17	19/9	40.7 ± 1.6	39.5 ± 1.8	NR	NR	NR (dietitian)	6
Balakrishnan et al[36]	Clinic(India)	28	23 (free of diabetes and digestive disease)	-	-	32.4	24.7	16.2	18.4	Questionnaire[40] (dietitian)	7
Balakrishnan et al[36]	Clinic(France)	25	17 (free from diabetes and digestive disease)	-	-	45.7	39.9	21.6	21.7	FFQ (dietitian)	7
Dani et al[29]	Clinic(Belo Horizonte)	28 (28 alcohol-related)	28 (healthy)	-	-	-	-	-	-	NR (NR)	5
Dani et al[29]	Clinic(Sao Paulo)	40 (40 alcohol-related)	40 (healthy)	-	-	-	-	-	-	NR (NR)	5
Noel-Jorand et al[20]	Clinic	31 (31 alcohol-related)	34 (non-alcoholic, ‘normal’ controls)	25/6	28/6	39.6 ± 6.0	44.8 ± 9.0	22 ± 2.7	22.9 ± 2.8	Standardised questionnaire[41] (NR, ‘highly trained person’)	6
Laugier et al[26]	Clinic(African)	34 (34 alcohol-related)	40 (healthy)	33/1	39/1	39.1 ± 1.3	35.2 ± 1.7	NR	NR	Questionnaire[40] (NR) (dietitian)	5
Laugier et al[26]	Clinic (French)	87	430 (healthy)	-	41/6	40.6 ± 1.3	46.6 ± 0.8	NR	NR	As above (NR)	5
Nakamura et al[6]	Clinic	38 (29 alcohol-related; 8 idiopathic)	35 (healthy)	36/2	-	52.3 ± 11.3	51.6 ± 11.1	20.1 ± 2.1	23.6 ± 3.2	3-7-d food diary (dietitian)	5
Lévy et al[23]	Hospital or attending clinic	56 (56 alcohol-related)	50 (healthy)	n/a	-	44.8 ± 8.4	43.1 ± 8.9	NR	NR	NR “Detailed survey” (NR)	5
Nakamura et al[31]	Hospital	15 (15 pancreatic steatorrhoea)	7 (7 intestinal steatorrhoea)	15/0	5/2	54.3 ± 7.5	52.4 ± 22.2	18.4 ± 2.6	19.4 ± 1.0	3-7 d food diary (NR)	4
Vaona et al[21]	Clinic	40	75 (healthy)	40/0	75/0	50 ± 10.0	50 ± 10.0	21.9 ± 3.1	26.1 ± 3.1	7-d food diary and 24-h recall (dietitian)	6
Singh et al[33]1	Clinic	76 (60% tropical PC; 40% alcohol-related)	-	63/13	-	32 (NR)	-	NR	-	FFQFor n = 20 subgroup, 24-h dietary recall (dietitian)	5
Hamberg et al[38]	Clinic	6 (6 alcohol-related)	-	4/2	-	50.3 ± 8.6	-	NR	-	3-d food diary and diet history (dietitian)	5
Midha et al[22]	Clinic	120 (idiopathic CP)	120 (healthy subjects attending gastroenterology OPD)	74/46	NR (sex-matched)	29.6 ± 10.5	NR (age-matched)	19.4 ± 3.4	21.3 ± 3.7	24 dietary recall and FFQ (dietitian)	5
Singh et al[39]	Clinic (Group 1 in RCT)	29	-	24/5	-	32 ± 10.0	-	17.2 ± 1.2	-	FFQ and 24-h recall (dietitian)	5
Singh et al[39]	Clinic (Group 2 in RCT)	31	-	26/5	-	28 ± 10.0	-	16.7 ± 1.6	-
Tinju et al[37]1	Clinic	94 (23% alcohol-related, 44% tropical, 28% idiopathic)	-	61/31	n/a	40.2 ± 131	-	NR	NR	FFQ and 24-h recall (dietitian)	5
Sathiaraj et al[15]	Clinic	89 (89 tropical PC diagnosed within 1 yr)	101	60/29	-	32.1 ± 14	NR	NR	NR	FFQ (dietitian)	6
Quilliot et al[28]	Clinic	80 (80 alcohol-related)	20 (healthy)	75/5	NR	57.6 ± 9.1	44 ± 11	25.7 ± 4.5	25 ± 2	7-d dietary recall and FFQ (NR)	5
Sobral-Oliveira et al[25]	Clinic	20 (20 alcohol-related, current non-drinkers)	16 (healthy never drinkers)	20/0	16/0	54.1 ± 11.4	54.1 ± 18.1	23.7 ± 4.6	26 ± 3.7	7-d diet history (dietitian)	6
Turner et al[32]	Clinic	83	-	61/22	-	43.4 (NR)	-	23.8 (NR)	-	24-h dietary recall (NR)	6
Roberts et al[24]	Clinic	52 (40% alcohol-related, 23% idiopathic, 12 autoimmune)	48(healthy)	35/17	19/29	50 ± 15.0	54 ± 13.0	24 ± 6.0	31 ± 8.0	FFQ (Vioscreen software) (NR)	6

¹No demographic or additional clinical details were provided for the n = 20 subgroup of patient with additional dietary assessment.

CP: Chronic pancreatitis; NOS: Newcastle Ottawa scale; FFQ: Food frequency questionnaire; BMI: Body mass index; M: Male; F: Female; NR: Not reported; RCT: Randomised controlled trial; PC: Pancreatitis cancer.