Role of near-infrared fluorescence in colorectal surgery

Table 2 Ureteral visualization studies using intravenous dye

Ref.	Model	Surgery	Dye	n (%)	Visible ureters	Visible time after injection	Visibility duration
Matsui et al[71], 2010	Pig	Open1	Methylene blue	20	100% (40/40)	10 min	65 min
		Laparoscopy1		2	50% (2/4)	10 min	20 min
Verbeek et al[89], 2013	Human	Open1	Methylene blue	12	100% (20/20)	10 min	≥ 50 min
Al-Taher et al[90], 2016	Human	Laparoscopy	Methylene blue	10	62,5% (5/8)	ND	ND
Barnes et al[72], 2018	Human	Laparoscopy	Methylene blue	34	93.6% (59/63)	0 min	2 h
		Open		6	66.6% (4/6)
Tanaka et al[67], 2007	Rat	Open	IRDye 800CW	12	100%	3-5 min	ND
	Pig	Open	IRDye 800CW	6	100%	10 min	> 20 min
Schols et al[74], 2014	Pig	Laparoscopy	IRDye 800cw	2	50% (1/2)	10 min	ND
Korb et al[75], 2015	Pig	Laparoscopy	IRDye 800CW	6	100%	10 min	≥ 50 min
Van den Bos et al[18], 2018	Pig	Laparoscopy	IRDye 800 BK	1	100% (2/2)	35 min	3 h
			IRDye 800NOS	1	100% (2/2)	45 min	ND
			IRDye 800CW	1	100% (2/2)	10 min	≥ 15 min
Al-Taher et al[77], 2018	Pig	Laparoscopy	IRDye 800BK	3	100% (6/6)	1-20 min	≥ 100 min

¹With dissection to highlight ureters.

ND: No data available.